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Объекты - Основные строительные блоки для данных и карт OSM

JOSM позволяет вам вводить данные об объектах реального мира в гео-информационную базу данных OSM. Несмотря на все многообразие и сложность объектов реального мира, которые вы можете нанести на карту, JOSM предоставляет только три вида объектов, как основных элементов из которых строятся карты: nodes, ways, and relations.

Вы можете присваивать объектам описания - теги. Именно присвоенный набор тегов отличает точку (node) представляющую ресторан, от узла представляющего церковь, или линию, изображающей дорогу, от линии, изображающей реку, или отношение, описывающего автобусный маршрут от маршрута для велосипедистов.

Точки, линии и отношения

• - точка отдельная точка в определённой позиции.

• - линия это последовательность точек. Despite its name a way doesn't represent ways in the real-world only. An OSM way is also used to respresent a river, the boundaries of a country, or even a building. If a way is closed, i.e. if the last node is the same as the first node, it is also called an полигон.

• - отношение is an sequence of other objects, for instance a sequence of ways (representing road segments) and nodes (representing bus stops) which represent a bus route. Each object participating in a relation can be assigend a role, for instance stop for a bus stop in the bus route, or forward for a road segmente which is part of the bus route from the start to the terminal station.

Теги

A tag is a name/value pair assigend to an object. Tags are used to describe an object in detail. If we write foo=bar we mean The tag with key foo is assigned the value bar. Here are two examples:

• name=Main road assigned to a way. This tag indicates that the name of the way is Main road.
• amenity=restaurant assigned to a node. This tag indicates that the node represents a restaurant in the real-world.
• route=bus assigned to a relation. This tag indicates that the relation represents a bus route.

Tags can be combined. An object can carry as many tags as necessary. Here's a more complex example:

highway=living_street
name=Main road
name:de=Hauptstrasse
maxspeed=30
hgv=no
oneway=yes

Assigned to a way, this set of tags indicate, that the way represents a living street with name Main road (the german name be Hauptstrasse). Speed is limited to 30km/h and heavy goods vehicles (hgv) are not allowed. Furthermore, it's a one way street.

You are free to assign an object whatever tag you feel necessary. However, there is a list of so called ​Map Features, i.e. a canonical list of tags with a well-defined meaning which are often used by mappers. Whenever possible you are adviced to stick to these tags because map renderers, routing engines, and other pieces of software rely on them.

In the Properties/Memberships Dialog you can assign tags to an object, remove tags from an object, or edit assigned tags.

Object ids

The OSM server assigns each object a unique number, the object ID or OSM ID. A new object doesn't have an ID (it's ID is 0) until it is uploaded the first time to the OSM server.

• TODO: how to enable displaying of object ids
• TODO: download object you now the id of
• TODO: browse an object with a specific id on the server

Object versions

Each object has a version. The version is incremented whenever the object is uploaded to the server and the OSM server not only stores the most recent version of an object, but it's complete history.

In the History Dialog you can load the history of an object and launch the History Browser. The History Browser will show you the versions of a particular object.

Alternatively, Tools->Object history redirect you to a page on the ​OSM website which displays the object history too.