Changes between Initial Version and Version 1 of Zh_CN:Help/Styles/MapCSSImplementation

Timestamp:

2024-02-20T09:59:30+01:00 (17 months ago)

Author:

jmxtzgbv9

Comment:

先翻译部分，不保证翻译准确

Zh_CN:Help/Styles/MapCSSImplementation

@@ +1 @@
+[[TranslatedPages]]
+[[PageOutline(2-10,Table of Contents)]]
+= MapCSS 实现=
+JOSM 的 [osmwiki:MapCSS/0.2 MapCSS] 实现用于实现以下功能：
+
+* [wikitr:/Styles 地图样式]
+* [wikitr:/Rules Validator rules], 参见 [wikitr:/Help/Validator/MapCSSTagChecker MapCSS 标签检查器]仅用于规则的特殊部分。
+* [wikitr:/Help/Action/Search 搜索对话框]
+
+考虑在 VS code中安装 [https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=whammo.mapcss-syntax MapCSS 语法高亮器]，为 MapCSS 绘图和验证器语法添加可视化高亮。
+
+
+== 总体结构 ==
+MapCSS 样式表的规则形式为
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+selector {
+    prop: value;
+    /* ... */
+    prop: value;
+    /* and/or */
+    set: class;
+    set: .class;
+    /* note that validator rules do not use the colon after set */
+}
+}}}
+为给定对象查找样式的算法如下：
+{{{
+ - for each rule:
+     if the selector applies, set the properties from the { } block
+ - analyze the final list of properties and generate styles from it
+}}}
+
+MapCSS uses the '''comment''' format of CSS (`/* ... */`). Note that when commenting out large parts of a MapCSS file, some constructs may cause an unexpected end of the comment, for instance:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+/*
+*[highway][name =~ /^R(\.|:)? .*/] { /* the end of the regular expression defines the unexpected end of the comment */
+        throwWarning: tr("foo");
+}
+*/
+}}} 
+
+
+== 选择器 == #选择器
+选择器 "是表示 MapCSS 规则的过滤表达式。只有当选择器与地图对象匹配时，该规则才会应用于该对象。
+
+MapCSS 中的选择器不同于网页标准 CSS。MapCSS 只支持标准 CSS 选择器的一个子集，但扩展了 OSM 数据所需的其他选择器。
+
+一些示例如下:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+/* applied to ways with a tag highway=residential */
+way[highway=residential] {  /*  the styles */}
+
+/* applied to new, closed ways on layer 1, provided they have the tag amenity=parking and access=customers, and provided 
+ * the zoom level is between 11 and 14 
+ */
+way|z11-14[amenity=parking][access=customers]:closed:new::layer_1 {...}
+
+
+area[amenity=parking][access=customers], area[amenity=parking][!access] {...}
+relation[type=route][route=foot] > way::relation_underlay {..}
+}}}
+
+
+The different elements ('''type'''-, '''zoom'''- , '''condition''' selector, '''pseudo classes''', '''layer identifier''', '''grouping''' and '''child combinator''') are explained below.
+
+
+=== 类别选择器 ===
+{{{#!th valign=top 
+'''Selector'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+*
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+Matches with any object
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+`node`, `way`, `relation`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+Matches with the osm objects of the given type.
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+`area`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+Matches with any area regardless of whether the area border is only modelled with a single way or with a set of ways glued together with a relation.
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[natural=beach] {...} 
+/* ... is equal to ... */
+way[natural=beach], relation[type=multipolygon][natural=beach] {...} 
+}}}
+Note that `area` selects unclosed ways as well, so it may be useful to add the `:closed` pseudo class. The JOSM Validator will give a warning for unclosed ways that have an area style.
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+`meta`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+The `meta` selector starts a special rule that should stand at the beginning of the file. It gives some general information on the style sheet. All software that supports MapCSS should be able to parse this sections without errors, so do not use exotic syntax extensions in this part.
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+meta {
+    title: "Parking lanes";   /* title shown in the menu */
+    icon: "logo_16x16x8.png"; /* small icon shown in the menu next to the title */
+    version: "1.2";           /* the version of the style */
+    description: "...";       /* one or two sentences of describing the style */
+    author: "...";            /* the author(s) of the style */
+    link: "https://...";      /* URL to the web page of the style */
+    min-josm-version: 6789;   /* the minimum JOSM version where this style works */
+}
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+`canvas`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+Some style information not specific to nodes, ways or relations.
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+canvas {
+    fill-color: #ffffea; /* the former background-color is deprecated since r7110 */
+    default-points: false;
+    default-lines: false;
+}
+}}}
+{{{#!th
+'''Key'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th
+'''Value Format'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th
+'''Default Value'''
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td align=center
+`fill-color`
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Specifies the overall fill/background color (`background-color` is deprecated since r7110).
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center
+''Color''
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center
+`black`
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td align=center
+`default-points`
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Whether default point style should be added to nodes where no style applies.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center
+''Boolean''
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center
+`true`
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td align=center
+`default-lines`
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Whether default line style should be added to ways where no style applies.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center
+''Boolean''
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center
+`true`
+}}}
+}}}
+
+=== 子节点选择器 ===
+如果一个节点是一个方式的一部分，我们就说它是这个方式的 "子节点"。同样，如果一个节点、一条路或一个关系是一个关系的成员，我们就说它是这个关系的'''组成部分'''。
+
+在 MapCSS 中，你可以使用'''子选择器'''，它只有在父对象和子对象都匹配的情况下才会匹配。
+
+Example:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+/*
+ * only matches for a way which is a child of a relation with tags 
+ * type=route and route=foot
+ */
+relation[type=route][route=foot] > way {...}
+}}}
+
+注释
+* 缩放选择器和层标识符只适用于 > 符号右侧的部分。
+* 函数''prop()''和''is_prop_set()''只支持 > 符号右侧的部分。
+* 函数"'parent_tag'"和"'parent_tags'"（见下文）可用于访问父级标记。
+* 为了与 MapCSS 0.2 标准兼容，也支持不带大于号 `>` 的 `relation[type=route][route=foot]方式 {/*...*/}`。但是，在这种情况下不能指定 [#LinkSelector 链接选择器]。
+
+=== 父选择器 ===
+除了子选择器之外，JOSM 还支持'''父选择器'''的概念。请注意，父选择器是 MapCSS 在 JOSM 中的特定扩展，其它 MapCSS 实现中并不存在。
+
+与子选择器类似，父选择器只有在父对象和子对象都匹配时才会匹配。与子选择器不同的是，父选择器使用字符 <。
+
+与子选择器不同的是，父对象将被 "选中"。换句话说，`{{{...}}}`-声明块中的属性适用于"<"符号右侧的对象。
+
+示例如下:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+/*
+ * matches for a highway which has at least one node tagged as traffic_calming=*
+ */
+node[traffic_calming] < way[highway] {...}
+}}}
+
+=== 条件选择器 ===
+选择器可以包含一组条件。如果其中任何一个条件求值为假，则选择器不匹配，样式规则也不会应用。
+
+'''属性条件'''指定 OSM 对象标签的条件。
+
+[=#condition_selector_operators]
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Operator'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Example'''
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Exact match of the value.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[highway=residential]                    /* is case sensitive, i.e. does NOT match e.g. highway=Residential or Highway=residential   */
+node[name="My name"]                        /* use quotes if key or value includes spaces                                               */
+node["name:pl"="Królewiec"]                 /* use quotes if key or value includes special characters like colons or unicode characters */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`!=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Value not equal
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[highway!=residential]
+node[name!="My name"]
+node["name:pl"!="Królewiec"]
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Comparison for numeric values.
+
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node[population >= 50000]                   /* population greater than or equal to 50000 */
+node[ele = 3000]                            /* elevation with exactly 3000 meters        */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`^=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Prefix match
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node[name ^= "myprefix"]                    /* value starts with 'myprefix' */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`$=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Postfix match
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node[name $= "mypostfix"]                   /* value ends with 'mypostfix' */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-----------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`*=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Substring match
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node[name *= "my substring"]                 /* value contains the substring 'my substring' */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`~=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+List membership
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[vending~=stamps]                          /* the tag value for the tag 'vending' consists of a list of ;-separated values */
+                                            /* and one of these values is 'stamps'                                          */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`=~`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+[https://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html#sum Regular expression] match
+
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[name=~/^My_pattern.*/]                    /* the value of the tag 'name' matches with the regular expression '^My_pattern.*' */
+                                            /* Note, that reqular expressions have to be enclosed in /.../                     */
+}}}
+Case-insensitive matching can be enabled via the embedded flag expression `(?i)` (see [https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html#CASE_INSENSITIVE Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE]).
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[name =~ /^(?i)(parking)$/]                 /* matches parking, Parking, PARKING, PaRkInG,...      */
+*[name =~ /^(?U)(\p{Lower})+$/]              /* name consists of only lower case unicode characters */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`!~` (since r6455)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+negated [https://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html#sum Regular expression] match
+
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[surface!~/paved|unpaved/]
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`∈` ([https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2208/index.htm U+2208], since r6609)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+element of
+
+Matches when an object matches the right selector(s) contains at least one element which match the left selector(s).
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[amenity=parking] ∈ area[amenity=parking] {
+  throwWarning: tr("{0} inside {1}", "amenity=parking", "amenity=parking");
+}
+}}}
+Finds areas with `amenity=parking` that contain at least one node or area with `amenity=parking`. Since r15064 this rule produces one warning for each element on the left when there are multiple matches.
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`⊆` ([https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2286/index.htm U+2286], since r15102)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Subset of or Equal To
+
+Synonym for `∈`. 
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[amenity=parking] ⊆ area[amenity=parking] {
+  throwWarning: tr("{0} inside {1}", "amenity=parking", "amenity=parking");
+}
+}}}
+
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`⊇` ([https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2287/index.htm U+2287], since r15102)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Superset of or Equal To
+
+Matches when an object matches the right selector(s) and is contained in one or more elements which match the left selectors.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[amenity=parking] ⊇ *[amenity=parking]
+}}}
+finds nodes or areas with `amenity=parking` inside areas with `amenity=parking`. Slower than `⊆` and thus not useful in validator rules, but can be useful in the search dialog.
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`⊈` ([https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2288/index.htm U+2288], since r15102)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Neither a Subset of nor Equal To
+
+Matches when an object matches the right selector(s) and does not contain any element which matches the left selectors.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[highway=street_lamp] ⊈ area:closed2[amenity=parking][lit=yes]
+}}}
+finds areas amenity=parking that have lit=yes but don't contain a lamp. Always add `:closed2` to avoid false positives as unclosed areas never contain something.
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`⊉` ([https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2289/index.htm U+2289], since r15102)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+Neither a Superset of nor Equal To
+
+Matches when an object matches the right selector(s) and is not contained in any area which matches the left selectors.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[landuse=residential] ⊉ *[building]
+}}}
+finds buildings which are not inside any landuse=residential area. Note that this operator is likely to produce false positives when you have `landuse=residential`areas which don't match `:closed2`.
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center valign=top
+`⧉` ([https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/29c9/index.htm U+29C9], since r6613)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+crossing
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left valign=top
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area:closed:areaStyle ⧉ area:closed:areaStyle {
+  throwOther: tr("Overlapping Areas");
+}
+}}}
+takes `layer` tag into account if set (since r12986)
+}}}
+
+Since r6554, it is possible to prefix the "value" (i.e., expression after the operator) with a `*` in order to "de-reference" it (i.e., obtain consider it as another key and obtain its value). Thus, `[key1 = *key2]` or `[key1=*key2]` compares the value of `key1` with the value of `key2`, and `[key =~ */pattern/]` considers the value of the key `pattern` as a regular expression and matches it against the value of `key`.
+
+In addition, you can test whether a tag is present or not:
+
+{{{#!th valign=top 
+'''Condition'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Example'''
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+Presence of tag
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[highway]                     /* matches any way with a tag 'highway' (is case sensitive)                                              */
+way["name:fr"]                   /* use quotes if the tag name includes special caracters (white space, colons, unicode characters, etc.) */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+Absence of tag
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[!highway]                     /* matches any way which does not have a tag 'highway' (is case sensitive)                               */
+way[!"name:fr"]                   /* use quotes if the tag name includes special caracters (white space, colons, unicode characters, etc.) */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+Presence of tag by [https://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html#sum Regular expression] match (since r6547)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[/^addr:/]                     /* matches any `addr:*` key */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+Absence of tag by Regular expression match
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[!/^addr:/]                    /* matches any way which does not have a tag 'addr:*' */
+}}}
+}}}
+
+You can test whether the value of a tag is logical truth value. The value is evaluated to true, if it is either 
+"yes", "true", or "1". All other values are evaluated to false.
+
+{{{#!th valign=top 
+'''Condition'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Example'''
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+Testing for truth value
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[oneway?]                   /* matches any way with a truth value in the tag 'oneway' */
+}}}
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+Testing for false value (since r6513)
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[oneway?!]                  /* matches any way with a false value in the tag 'oneway' */
+}}}
+}}}
+
+=== 境域选择器 === #境域选择器
+您可以测试对象是位于特定区域内还是区域外。为此，JOSM 有一个内部数据库。您可以下载[source:/trunk/resources/data/boundaries.osm territories 文件]并在 JOSM 中打开[attachment:boundaries.png（截图预览）]来研究它。该文件包含世界上所有国家的边界。由于性能原因，边界被简化了。可根据要求对特殊情况进行细化。领土用[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 代码]"标记"。美国、加拿大、中国、印度和澳大利亚的分区有额外的边界。请参阅以下示例了解如何使用领土选择器。领土选择器在 mappaint 风格中的作用较小，可能会占用大量资源。不过，它们在[wikitr:/Help/Validator/MapCSSTagChecker mapcss based validator rules]中的作用要大得多。要选择左侧交通或右侧交通的区域，有一个更简单的方法，请参阅 [#PseudoClasses 伪类]。有关此功能的主要实现，请参见 #10387。
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+                                      /* matches any node located …                             */
+node[inside("FR")]                    /* … inside of France (includes the overseas territories) */
+node[inside("FX")]                    /* … inside of Metropolitan France (i.e. only the 
+                                         mainland part with its near islands including Corse)   */
+node[inside("EU")]                    /* … inside of the European Union                         */
+node[inside("FR,DE")]                 /* … inside of France __OR__ inside of Germany            */
+node[inside("US-FL")]                 /* … inside of the US state Florida                       */
+
+node[outside("FR")]                   /* … outside of France                                    */
+node[outside("FR,DE")]                /* … outside of France __AND__ outside of Germany         */
+node[inside("US")][outside("US-FL")]  /* … inside of the USA except the state Florida           */
+}}}
+
+=== 链接选择器 ===#链接选择器
+在子对象选择器中，可以对父对象和子对象之间的联系设置条件。
+
+如果父对象是一个关系，则可以为成员对象在该关系中的 "角色 "设置条件。
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+relation[type=route] >[role="link"] way {  /* matches any way which is a member of route relation with role 'link' */ 
+   color: blue;
+}
+}}}
+
+{{{#!th valign=top 
+'''Operator'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Example'''
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+`=`
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+Exact match of the role name. The name `role` is compulsory in this context. 
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top    
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+relation >[role=residential] way           
+relation >[role="My name"]   way           /* use quotes if the role value includes spaces or other special characters */
+}}}
+}}}
+
+The operators `!=`, `^=`, `$=`, `*=` and `~=` are supported too. Please refer to [#condition_selector_operators condition selector operators].
+
+Nodes in ways and members in relations are ordered. You can formulate conditions on the position of a node in a way or a member object in a relation. Positive numbers count from first to last element, negative numbers (since r8236) count from last to first element.
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+relation[type=route] >[index=1] way {  /* matches the first way which is a member of route relation  */ 
+   color: blue;
+}
+
+way >[index=-1] node {  /* matches the last node of a way  */ 
+   symbol-stroke-color: green;
+}
+
+way!:closed >[index=1] node!:connection,
+way!:closed >[index=-1] node!:connection {  /* matches all single way end nodes */ 
+   symbol-stroke-color: green;
+}
+}}}
+
+=== 缩放选择器 ===
+您可以用'''缩放选择器'''来装饰类型选择器。缩放选择器限制了应用相应 MapCSS 规则的缩放级别范围。
+||= '''示例1''' =||= '''示例2''' =||= '''示例3''' =||= '''说明''' =||
+|| `way|z12 {...}` || `node|z12 {...}` || `node|z12[...] {...}` || 缩放级别为12 ||
+|| `way|z13-15 {...}` || `node|z13-15 {...}` || `way|z13-15[...] {...}` ||缩放级别为13-15 ||
+|| `way|z16- {...}` || `node|z16- {...}` || `node|z16-[...] {...}` || 缩放级别为16以上 ||
+|| `way|z-12 {...}` || `node|z-12 {...}` || `node|z-12[...] {...}` || 缩放级别为12以下 ||
+|| `way {...}` || `node{...}` || `way[...] {...}` || 所有缩放级别 ||
+
+每个缩放级别的比例范围的精确定义将来可能会改变。根据经验法则，当图像显示''n''级的滑动地图瓦片时，您的缩放级别大约为''n''级。
+
+=== 虚拟类 ===#虚拟类
+See [/doc/org/openstreetmap/josm/gui/mappaint/mapcss/ConditionFactory.PseudoClasses.html Javadoc] for the up-to-date list of pseudo classes supported by JOSM's MapCSS implementation.
+
+||= '''Class''' =||= '''Description''' =||
+|| `:closed` || true for ways where the first node is the same as the last and for any (completely downloaded) multipolygon relation ||
+|| `:closed2` || same as above, but this one ignores if a multipolygon is downloaded completely (since r9099) ||
+|| `:completely_downloaded` || true for a relation whose members are all downloaded (since r9099) ||
+|| `:new` || all new objects ||
+|| `:connection` || true for nodes that are used by more than one way ||
+|| `:unconnected` || true for nodes that are not used by any way (since r6687) ||
+|| `:tagged` || What JOSM considers tagged, i.e. an object that with a tag key other than the following: `source*`, `source_ref`, `note`, `comment`, `converted_by`, `created_by`, `watch*`, `fixme`, `FIXME`, `description`, `attribution` (version r4008; in this list, `*` is a glob)
+|| `:area-style` || true if the object has an area style ||
+|| `:righthandtraffic` || true if there is right-hand traffic at the current location (since r7193); see [wikitr:/left-right-hand-traffic left-right-hand-traffic] for screenshot of areas ||
+|| `:clockwise` || Whether the way is closed and oriented clockwise, or non-closed and the 1st, 2nd and last node are in clockwise order. ||
+|| `:anticlockwise` || Whether the way is closed and oriented anticlockwise, or non-closed and the 1st, 2nd and last node are in anticlockwise order. ||
+|| `:unclosed_multipolygon` || true for fully loaded unclosed multipolygon relations (since r8252) ||
+|| `:open_end` || to select end nodes of unclosed multipolygon relations with `relation:unclosed_multipolygon >:open_end node` (since r8252) ||
+|| `:in-downloaded-area` || true if an object is within source area and false if in the hatched area (since r8495). ||
+|| `:selected` || true if an object is selected in the editor (since r9341). ||
+|| `:highlighted` || true if the object is highlighted ||
+|| `:modified` || changed and new objects (since r7193). ||
+You can also negate pseudo classes. E.g. `!:new` for all old objects.
+
+=== 图层标识符 ===
+图层可用于为一个对象创建多个样式。下面是一个例子：
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[highway=secondary] {
+    width: 3;
+    color: yellow;
+}
+
+way[highway=tertiary] {
+    width: 2;
+    color: orange;
+}
+
+way[access][access!=yes]::non_public_access_layer {
+    width: +2; 
+    color:red; 
+    dashes: 2; 
+    object-z-index:-1.0;
+}
+
+way[bridge]::bridge_layer {
+    width: +3; 
+    color:#000080;
+    opacity:0.5;
+    object-z-index:1.0; 
+}
+}}}
+This draws all secondary and tertiary roads in yellow and orange respectively. Any road with an access tag other than yes will get an extra line style below ('''`object-z-index:-1.0;`''') the main line. If that part of the street happens to be a bridge, it will also get a half transparent blue overlay. The relative width value ('''`width: +2;`''') refers to the width on the default layer (2 or 3 in this case).
+
+The name for the layer can be any identifier.
+
+If you omit the layer in the selector, this is the same as using `::default`. 
+
+One more example:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node[amenity=parking] {
+    icon-image: "presets/vehicle/parking/parking.svg";    /* displays the josm internal parking icon in the default layer */
+    text: ref;                                            /* displays the value of the key ref as text in the default layer */
+}
+
+node[amenity=parking][fee=yes]::fee {
+    icon-image: "presets/money/exchange.svg";             /* displays the josm internal exchange icon in the fee layer */
+    icon-offset-x: 14;                                    /* shift the icon */
+    icon-offset-y: -12;                                   /* shift the icon */
+    text: charge;                                         /* displays the value of the key charge as text in the fee layer */
+    text-offset-x: 16;                                    /* shift the text */
+    text-offset-y: 17;                                    /* shift the text */
+}
+}}}
+The result looks this way:
+
+[[Image(multiple_icons_and_texts.png,link=)]]
+
+In addition, you can use the * layer to override and initialize all layers. \\
+It overrides all existing subparts, so
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way::A { a; } 
+way::B { b; } 
+way::* { c; }  /* overrides all existing subparts */
+}}}
+is equivalent to
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way::A { a; } 
+way::B { b; } 
+way::A { c; } /* overrides a with c all existing subparts */
+way::B { c; } /* overrides b with c all existing subparts */
+}}}
+And it initializes new subparts. In other words: 
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way::* { a; } 
+way::A { b; } 
+}}}
+is equivalent to 
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way::A {} 
+way::* { a; } 
+way::A { b; } 
+}}}
+which is in turn the same as 
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way::A { a; } 
+way::A { b; } 
+}}}
+or
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way::A { a; b; }
+}}}
+
+=== 分组 ===
+Rules with common declaration block can be grouped into one:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[landuse=forest] { color: green;   width: 2; }
+area[natural=wood] { color: green;   width: 2; }
+}}}
+is the same as
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[landuse=forest], area[natural=wood] { color: green;   width: 2; }
+}}}
+
+=== 类别 ===
+您可以为匹配的元素指定类别，并使用这些类别定义其他选择器：
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+/* assigning classes */
+selector {
+  set class;
+  /* or equivalently */
+  set .class;
+}
+
+/* matching classes */
+way.class, node[foo=bar].class {
+  /* ... */
+}
+}}}
+
+
+Example for assigning/matching a class named `path`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[highway=footway] { set path; color: #FF6644; width: 2; }
+way[highway=path]    { set path; color: brown; width: 2; }
+way.path { text:auto; text-color: green; text-position: line; text-offset: 5; }
+}}}
+You can also negate classes. E.g. `way!.path` for all ways, which are not part of the class ''.path''.
+
+=== Classes and Layer together ===
+If you want to use layer and classes together, please note that you have to identify the class via is_prop_set.
+
+{{{#!mapcss
+node[railway=signal] { set sgnl; }
+
+/* it doesn't work */
+node.sgnl::layer_signal_icon  { z-index: 1000; ... icon: icon/signal-icon.svg; ... }
+node.sgnl::layer_signal_text  { z-index: 1010; ... text: concat("Name of signal: ", tag("ref")); ..... )
+
+/* use instead: is_prop_set("...", "default") */
+node[is_prop_set("sgnl", "default")]::layer_signal_icon  { z-index: 1000; ... icon: icon/signal-icon.svg; ... }
+node[is_prop_set("sgnl", "default")]::layer_signal_text  { z-index: 1010; ... text: concat("Name of signal: ", tag("ref")); ..... )
+}}}
+
+=== @supports Conditional Processing  ===
+@supports rules are used to skip a section of the style under certain conditions. Typically you want to use a feature which is introduced in a newer version of JOSM, but like to have a fall back style for users of older JOSM clients. This feature came with r8087. Example:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+@supports (min-josm-version: 9789) {
+    way[highway] {
+        width: 4;
+        color: orange;
+    }
+    /* fancy new stuff */
+    /* ... */
+}
+
+@supports (max-josm-version: 9788) {
+    way[highway] {
+        width: 4;
+        color: blue;
+    }
+    /* fall back mode, using more simple features */
+    /* ... */
+}
+
+@supports (icon-offset-x) {
+    /* only if icon-offset-x property is supported */
+    node[amenity] {
+        icon-offset-x: 5;
+    }
+}
+}}}
+
+The syntax closely matches the official [https://drafts.csswg.org/css-conditional/ css syntax]. The following conditions are supported:
+
+{{{#!th
+'''Condition'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(''<mapcsskey>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Check if a certain mapcss key is supported, e.g. `repeat-image` or `icon-offset-x`.
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(min-josm-version: ''<number>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Only include `@supports` section when the current version of JOSM is greater than or equal to the specified number.
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(max-josm-version: ''<number>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Only include `@supports` section when the current version of JOSM is lower than or equal to the specified number.
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(user-agent: ''<string>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Only include `@supports` section when the name of the editor / renderer matches the given string. In JOSM, the only accepted value is `josm`. 
+}}}
+
+Conditions can be combined with `and`:
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+@supports (min-josm-version: 8087) and (max-josm-version: 8200) {
+ /* only for JOSM versions 8087 to 8200 */
+}
+}}}
+
+Other logical operators like `or` and `not` can also be used. Parentheses are needed if you want to combine different logical operators:
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+@supports ((min-josm-version: 8087) and (max-josm-version: 8200)) or (user-agent: myEditor) {
+  /* for JOSM version 8087 to 8200 and for the editor called "myEditor" */
+}
+}}}
+
+Since @supports rules are only supported in JOSM r8087 and later, you should also specify this as minimum JOSM version in the meta selector:
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+meta {
+    min-josm-version: "8087"; /* This style uses @supports rules */
+    /* ... */
+}
+}}}
+
+
+== 样式设置 ==
+[wikitr:/Help/Dialog/MapPaint/StyleSettings Styles settings] are used to provide the user settings to customize a mappaint style. The user can use them in the [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/MapPaint MapPaint dialog]. The following `type` of settings are available:
+* `boolean` (since r7450)
+* `double` (since r15731, see #10435)
+* `string` (since r15731, see #10435)
+* `color` (since r16843, see #10435)
+
+=== 布尔类型的设置 ===
+Create a setting of type `boolean`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+setting::highway_casing {
+  type: boolean;
+  label: tr("Draw highway casing");
+  default: true;
+}
+}}}
+
+Use a setting of type `boolean`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[highway][setting("highway_casing")] {
+  casing-width: 2;
+  casing-color: white;
+}
+}}}
+
+=== Settings of type `double` ===
+Create a setting of type `double`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+setting::place_font_size {
+  type: double;
+  label: tr("Set place name font size...");
+  default: 11;
+}
+}}}
+
+Use a setting of type `double`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node.place, way.place, area.place {
+  font-size: setting("place_font_size");
+}
+}}}
+
+=== 字符串类型的设置 ===
+Create a setting of type `string`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+setting::textdisplay {
+  type: string;
+  label: tr("key used for displaying");
+  default: "name"; /* examples for usage: alt_name, old_name, addr:housename, ref, operator, ... */
+}
+}}}
+
+Use a setting of type `string`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way {
+  text: tag(setting("textdisplay"));
+}
+}}}
+
+=== Settings of type `color` ===
+Create a setting of type `color`. The `default` color can be any color as understood under [wikitr:/Help/Styles/MapCSSImplementation#Propertyvaluesexplanations Property values explanations]:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+setting::colordisplay {
+  type: color;
+  label: tr("key used for displaying");
+  default: colorDisplayCustomPref#FF00FF;
+}
+}}}
+
+Use a setting of type `color`:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way {
+  color: setting("colordisplay");
+}
+}}}
+
+=== 分组设置 ===
+Similar settings can be grouped together by defining ''settings groups'' (since r15289):
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+settings::my_group {
+  label: tr("my wonderful group");
+  icon: "my_beautiful_icon";
+}
+}}}
+
+标签是必须的，图标是可选的。
+
+一旦定义了一个设置组，就可以从属于该组的所有设置中引用它：
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+setting::hide_icons {
+  type: boolean;
+  label: tr("Hide icons at low zoom");
+  default: true;
+  group: "my_group";
+}
+}}}
+
+Settings groups are displayed as sub-menus from the style settings menu. If at least two settings belong to a group, a special "Toggle all settings" menu item allows to quickly switch on/off all settings from this group at once. Usage example: [wikitr:/Styles/MapWithAI MapWithAI].
+
+
+== 属性 ==# 属性
+=== 一般属性 ===
+
+||=  '''Key''' =||= '''Description''' =||= '''Value Format''' =||= '''Default Value''' =||
+|| `z-index` || Specify the order the objects are drawn: The objects with higher z-index are drawn on top of objects with lower z-index || ''Number'' (can be negative) ||  0  ||
+|| `major-z-index` || Similar to `z-index`, but it has higher priority than `z-index`. So if one object has a higher `major-z-index` than the other, it is drawn on top. If the `major-z-index` is the same, `z-index` decides. || ''Number'' (can be negative) || Depends on style element: area: 1, casing: 2, left-/right-casing: 2.1, line-pattern: 2.9, line: 3, point: 4, default-point: 4.1, line-text: 4.9, point-text: 5 ||
+|| `object-z-index` || Similar to `z-index`, but has lower priority. Controls the painting order for overlapping objects. E.g. for two crossing ways with text: Use `z-index` or `major-z-index` if you first want to draw the two lines and then the two captions. Use `object-z-index` if one of the ways should be completely on top of the other. || ''Number'' (can be negative) ||  0  ||
+|| `modifier` || Better control, whether a default line / node symbol is generated by JOSM. This happens when there is no proper style (`modifier=false`) found on any layer. || `false` or `true` || `false` for the default layer and `true` for any other layer ||
+
+Note that due to performance reasons the values for the three z-indexes are limited to 24 bit float values with max. 5 decimal digits. Currently the internal mappaint style uses values with max. 2 digits before and after the decimal separator. To avoid problems use values of z-indexes between -99.999 and +99.999. (See also #14485)
+
+=== Icon and symbol styles ===
+
+||=  '''Key''' =||= '''Description''' =||= '''Value Format''' =||= '''Default Value''' =||
+|| `icon-image` || The icon at node position. See also [wikitr:/Help/Styles/Images Images]. || ''Image'' ||  -  ||
+|| `icon-opacity` || Opacity of the icon image || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `icon-width` || Width of the icon. If only one of the properties `icon-width` and `icon-height` is given, the image will be scaled proportionally. The icon will keep the original size, if neither `icon-width` nor `icon-height` is set. || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `icon-height` || Height of the icon. (See `icon-width`) || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `icon-offset-x` || Shift the icon in horizontal direction (positive values to the right) (since r8085) || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `icon-offset-y` || Shift the icon in vertical direction (positive values downwards) (since r8085) || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `icon-rotation` || Rotate the icon clockwise or anti clockwise (negative value)(since r8260) || `[rad]`, `[rad]rad`, `[deg]°`, `[deg]deg`, `[grad]grad`, `[turn]turn` ([https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/CSS/angle definition]) \\ or a cardinal direction (e.g. `northeast` or `sw`); \\ or `way` to rotate the icon in the direction of the parent way. \\ See also the functions `degree_to_radians`, `cardinal_to_radians`. \\Since version 18678 function parent_way_angle() is an alternativ to way: e.g. {{{ way > node[...]::layer_x { ... icon-rotation: parent_way_angle(); ... } }}}  ||  -  ||
+|| `icon-position` || Define the position of the icon for areas. Same as `text-position` (since r11730). || `center`, `inside`, `line` ||  `center`  ||
+|| `symbol-shape` || Display a symbol at the position of the node || `square`, `circle`, `triangle`, `pentagon`, `hexagon`, `heptagon`, `octagon`, `nonagon`, `decagon` ||  -  ||
+|| `symbol-size` || Size of the symbol || ''Number'', can be relative ("+4") ||  10  ||
+|| `symbol-stroke-width` || outline stroke width || ''Width'' || 1.0 if `symbol-stroke-color` is set ||
+|| `symbol-stroke-color` || line color || ''Color'' || `#FFC800` if `symbol-stroke-width` is set ||
+|| `symbol-stroke-opacity` || line opacity || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `symbol-fill-color` || fill color for the shape || ''Color'' || `blue`, unless either `symbol-stroke-width` or `symbol-stroke-color` is set ||
+|| `symbol-fill-opacity` || fill opacity || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `text-...`, `font-...` ||||||  see general '''Text & Font properties''' ||
+
+Do not rely on the default values for `symbol-...` properties (except for `opacity`). They are intended for "quick & dirty" style sheets and should be set to an explicit value.
+
+=== Line styles ===#LineStyles
+||=  '''Key''' =||= '''Description''' =||= '''Value Format''' =||= '''Default Value''' =||
+|| `width` || Line width || ''Width'' ||  -  ||
+|| `color` || Line color || ''Color'' ||  value of `fill-color` or\\(if unset) JOSM's default \\untagged color (`#808080`) ||
+|| `opacity` || How transparent the line is. || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `dashes` || An array of alternating on/off lengths || list of numbers, e.g. \\> 15, 5 \\ \\may be written as expression: \\ > `list(3, 4, 5, 6)` \\ \\or the keyword `none` \\to turn dashes off ||  -  ||
+|| `dashes-offset` || shift the dash pattern by a certain amount || ''Number'' (>= 0) ||  0  ||
+|| `dashes-background-color` || The color to use in between the dashes (optional) || ''Color'' ||  -  ||
+|| `dashes-background-opacity` || Opacity value for the dashes background || ''Opacity'' ||  value of `opacity`  ||
+|| `linecap` || Shape at the end of the line (see [https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/painting.html#StrokeLinecapProperty here]) || `none`, `round`, `square` ||  `none`  ||
+|| `linejoin` || Shape at the line corners || `round`, `miter`, `bevel` ||  `round`  ||
+|| `miterlimit` || Applies for `linejoin: miter`. \\Sets the maximum overshoot when line segments meet at a very small angle || ''Number'' (>= 1.0) ||  10.0  ||
+|| `offset` || Move line to the left or right (when looking in way direction). \\This could be used to draw multiple lanes for one way or mark left and right side of a way differently. || ''Number'' (positive value moves line to the left,\\negative to the right) ||  0  ||
+|| `text-position` || set to `line`, if text should be drawn along the line || `line`, `center` ||  -  ||
+|| `text-...`,\\`font-...` |||||| see general '''Text & Font properties  ||
+|| `repeat-image` || repeated image along a line ''(since r5801)'' || ''Image'' ||  -  ||
+|| `repeat-image-width` || Width of the image (optional, see `icon-width`) ''(since r5811)'' || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `repeat-image-height` || Height of the image (optional) ''(since r5811)'' || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `repeat-image-align` || Alignment of the image.\\Top-, bottom edge or the (horizontal) center line of the image will be along the line ''(since r5801)'' || `top`, `center`, `bottom` ||  `center`  ||
+|| `repeat-image-offset` || Offset from the line ''(since r5801)'' || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `repeat-image-spacing` || Spacing between repeated images ''(since r5801)'' || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `repeat-image-phase` || Initial spacing at the beginning of the line ''(since r5812)'' || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `repeat-image-opacity` || Opacity of the repeated image ''(since r16700)'' || ''Number'' ||  1.0  ||
+
+All these properties (except for `text-...` and `font-...`) exist also with the `casing-` prefix. The casing is a second independent line element, that is drawn below the normal line and can be used to draw a thin frame around the line in another color.
+||=  '''Key''' =||= '''Description''' =||= '''Value Format''' =||= '''Default Value''' =||
+|| `casing-width` || Width of the border on both sides of the main line. \\In JOSM < 5214: Total width of the casing || ''Width'' (revers to `width` if relative width is specified) ||  -  ||
+|| `casing-color` || Casing color || ''Color'' ||  value of `fill-color` or (if unset) \\JOSM's default untagged color (`#808080`) ||
+|| `casing-opacity` || How transparent the casing is. || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `casing-`... || ... || ... ||  ...  ||
+Similar to `casing-`, there is also the `left-casing-` and `right-casing-` prefix. It draws additional lines to the left and to the right of the main line.
+
+=== Area styles ===#AreaStyles
+||= '''Key''' =||= '''Description''' =||= '''Value Format''' =||= '''Default Value''' =||
+|| `fill-color` || Color in which to fill the area. Until 11700, the alpha component was set to 50 to create a transparency effect. || ''Color'' ||  -  ||
+|| `fill-image` || Image pattern || ''Image'' ||  -  ||
+|| `fill-extent` || Set this property, to draw only the outline of the area. The number specifies, how far to fill from the border of the area towards the center. (If unset, the area will be filled completely) ''(since r9008)'' || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `fill-extent-threshold` || Set this property, to draw full area when the given percentage of coverage is reached. Can be greater than 100% as the covered area is estimated as **perimeter * extent**. || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `fill-opacity` || How transparent the fill is; applies to both color and image || ''Opacity'' || 0.2 ''(since r11700, 1.0 before that)'' \\(can be changed with the `mappaint.fillalpha` and \\`mappaint.fill-image-alpha` preferences)  ||
+|| `text-position` || set to `center`, if text should be drawn in the center of the area. Set to `inside` to place the text completely inside the area. ''(since r11722)'' || `line`, `center`, `inside` ||  -  ||
+|| `text-...`, `font-...` ||||||  see general text & font properties  ||
+Required properties to create an Area style: `fill-color` or `fill-image` 
+
+=== Text & Font properties ===
+{{{#!th valign=top 
+'''Key'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Value Format'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th valign=top
+'''Default Value'''
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+`text`  
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+How to find the label text.\\No label is displayed, unless this instruction is present.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=left  valign=top
+`auto`
+  Derive the text automatically. The default name tags are: "`name:`"+''<LANG>'', \\"`name`", "`int_name`", "`ref`", "`operator`", "`brand`" and "`addr:housenumber`". 
+
+  Configure a list of tag names in the preference "`mappaint.nameOrder`" in order \\ to change this list. (After changing the list, a restart of JOSM is required.)
+
+''String''
+  Denotes the key of the tag whose value is used as text.
+
+''Expressions''
+  You can enter an expression to compute the text to be displayed. Examples:
+  * `eval("this is a static text")` - renderes a static text
+  * `eval(concat(tag("first"), "-", tag("second")))` - displays \\ the concatenated tags "first" and "second" 
+
+`""`
+   To delete a previous set text.
+}}}
+{{{#!td align=center  valign=top
+-
+}}}
+|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+|| `text-color` || the text color || ''Color'' ||  `white` for lines and nodes,\\`#c0c0c0` for areas \\(JOSM "`text`" and "`areatext`"\\color preferences) ||
+|| `text-opacity` || how transparent the text is || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `text-offset-x` || shift the text horizontally, \\(not supported for text along line) || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `text-offset-y`\\(can also be written as\\`text-offset`)  || shift the text vertically, positive values shift the text in upwards direction  || ''Number'' ||  0  ||
+|| `text-halo-radius` || size of text background border \\(to make text visible on background \\with a similar color) || ''Number'' ||  -  ||
+|| `text-halo-color` || color of the text halo || ''Color'' ||  complement of the text color  ||
+|| `text-halo-opacity` || transparency for the text halo || ''Opacity'' ||  1.0  ||
+|| `text-anchor-horizontal` || horizontal text label placement || `left`, `center`, `right` ||  `right`  ||
+|| `text-anchor-vertical` || vertical text label placement || `above`, `top`, `center`, `bottom`, `below` ||  `bottom`  ||
+|| `text-rotation` || Rotate the text clockwise or anti clockwise (negative value)\\(since r16253) || `[rad]`, `[rad]rad`, `[deg]°`, `[deg]deg`, `[grad]grad`, `[turn]turn` \\([https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/CSS/angle definition]) or a cardinal direction (e.g. `northeast` or `sw`); \\ or `way` to rotate the text in the direction of the parent way. \\See also the functions `degree_to_radians`, `cardinal_to_radians`. \\Since version 18678 function parent_way_angle() is an alternativ to way: e.g. {{{ way > node[...]::layer_x { ... text-rotation: parent_way_angle(); ... } }}} \\(Note that the direction means where the upper edge of the text faces.\\That means with the default direction of north the text flows to east\\(with a left to right language). \\So if you want to flow it to e.g. south you need to set east.) ||  -  ||
+|| `text-position` |||||| see [#AreaStyles Area styles] and [#LineStyles Line styles] ||
+|| `font-family` || font family || ''String'' ||  "Droid Sans" \\(JOSM preference "`mappaint.font`")  ||
+|| `font-size` || font size || ''Number'' ||  8 \\(JOSM preference "`mappaint.fontsize`")  ||
+|| `font-weight` || bold or not || `bold`, `normal` ||  `normal`  ||
+|| `font-style` || italic or not || `italic`, `normal` ||  `normal`  ||
+
+=== User defined properties ===
+* In [wikitr:/Styles Mappaint styles] you can define any custom property, e.g.: `crc: CRC32_checksum(tag(name))/429496.7296;`
+* In [wikitr:/Rules Validator rules] they must be prefixed by a `-`, e.g.: `-osmoseItemClassLevel: "1210/1/1";`
+
+=== Property values explanations === #Propertyvaluesexplanations
+'' '''Width''' ''
+ - 14.0 (any positive number)
+ - `default` (use JOSM's default line width, which is 2, but can be configured) 
+ - `thinnest` (draws the line as thin as possible) 
+ - +3 (with plus sign in front) adds the amount to the width on the default layer. This applies only for styles that are not on the default layer, e.g. highlights. Another way to write this would be `prop("width","default")+3`. For `casing-width`, this refers to the `width` value on the same layer.
+
+'' '''Image''' ''
+ See [wikitr:/Help/Styles/Images].
+
+'' '''Color''' ''
+ * named color as found in [https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color this] list
+ * html style: '''`#RRGGBB`''', '''`#RGB`''', '''`#RRGGBBAA`'''
+ * '''`rgb(/*r*/, /*g*/, /*b*/)`''' - rgb value with arguments from 0.0 to 1.0
+ * '''`rgba(/*r*/, /*g*/, /*b*/, /*alpha*/)`''' - rgb value with alpha
+ * '''`hsb_color(/*hue*/, /*saturation*/, /*brightness*/)`''' - color from HSB color space
+ * if the color is prefixed with a name and #, e.g. `color: highway_track#6e541c;` it will appear in the [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/ColorPreference Color Preference] and end users can adjust the color there themself
+
+'' '''Opacity''' ''
+ * from 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (opaque)
+
+'' '''String''' ''
+ * any character sequence, in quotes, e.g. `"images/fill.png"`. If the string is an identifier, quotes are optional. (Quote and backslash sign can be escaped.)
+
+'' '''Number''' ''
+ * integer or floating point (in simple form e.g. 0.3). In general can be negative, but most properties do not support negative numbers
+ * has a special meaning if you put a "+" sign in front (relative width)
+
+
+== Eval expressions ==#Evalexpressions
+See [/doc/org/openstreetmap/josm/gui/mappaint/mapcss/Functions.html#method_summary Javadoc of Functions] for the up-to-date list of functions supported by JOSM's MapCSS implementation.
+
+ +, -, *, /::
+  arithmetic operations
+ ||, &&, !::
+  boolean operations
+ <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=::
+  comparison operators
+ asin, atan, atan2, ceil, cos, cosh, exp, floor, log, max, min, mod (since r17759), random, round, signum, sin, sinh, sqrt, tan, tanh::
+  the usual meaning, [https://download.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html details]
+ cond(b, fst, snd)::
+ b ? fst : snd::
+  if ('''b''') then '''fst''' else '''snd'''
+ list(a, b, ...)::
+  create list of values, e.g. for the `dashes` property
+ get(lst, n)::
+  get the ''n''th element of the list ''lst'' (counting starts at 0) [''since r5699'']
+ split(sep, str)::
+  splits string ''str'' at occurrences of the separator string ''sep'', returns a list [''since r5699'']
+ prop(''p_name'')::
+  value of the property ''p_name'' of the current layer, e.g. prop(`"width"`)
+ prop(''p_name'', ''layer_name'')::
+  property from the layer ''layer_name''
+ is_prop_set(''p_name'')::
+  true, if property ''p_name'' is set for the current layer
+ is_prop_set(''p_name'', ''layer_name'')::
+  true, if property ''p_name'' is set for the layer ''layer_name''
+ tag(''key_name'')::
+  get the value of the key ''key_name'' from the object in question
+ parent_tag(''key_name'')::
+  get the value of the key ''key_name'' from the object's parent
+ parent_tags(''key_name'')::
+  returns all parent's values for the key ''key_name'' as a list ordered by a natural ordering [''since r8775'']
+ has_tag_key(''key_name'')::
+  true, if the object has a tag with the given key
+ rgb(''r'', ''g'', ''b'')::
+  create color value (arguments from 0.0 to 1.0)
+ hsb_color(''h'', ''s'', ''b'')::
+  create color from hue, saturation and brightness (arguments from 0.0 to 1.0) [''since r6899'']
+ red(''clr''), green(''clr''), blue(''clr'')::
+  get value of color channels in rgb color model
+ alpha(''clr'')::
+  get the alpha value of the given color [''since r6749'']
+ length(''str'')::
+  length of a string
+ count(''lst'')::
+  length of a list, i.e., counts its elements [''since r7162'']
+ length(''lst'')::
+  length of a list ([''since r5699''] – deprecated ''since r7162''
+ any(obj1, obj2, ...)::
+  returns the first object which is not null (formerly coalesce, [''since r7164''])
+ concat(''str1'', ''str2'', ...)::
+  assemble the strings to one
+ join(''sep'', ''str1'', ''str2'', ...)::
+  join strings, with ''sep'' as separator [''since r6737'']
+ join_list(''sep'', ''list_name'')::
+   joins the elements of the list ''list_name'' to one string separated by the separator ''sep'' [''since r8775'']
+ upper(''str'')::
+   converts string to upper case [''since r11756'']
+ lower(''str'')::
+   converts string to lower case [''since r11756'']
+ title(''str'')::
+   converts string to title case [''since r17613''] (`"i am FINE"` → `"I Am Fine"`)
+ trim(''str'')::
+   remove leading and trailing whitespace from string [''since r11756'']
+ trim_list(''list_name'')::
+   remove leading and trailing whitespace from a list of strings, will remove entries that are empty afterwards [''since r15591'']
+ JOSM_search("...")::
+  true, if JOSM search applies to the object
+ tr(str, arg0, arg1, ...)::
+  translate from English to the current language (only for strings in the JOSM user interface) [''since r6506'']
+ regexp_test(regexp, string)::
+  test if ''string'' matches pattern ''regexp'' [''since r5699'']
+ regexp_test(regexp, string, flags)::
+  test if ''string'' matches pattern ''regexp''; flags is a string that may contain "i" (case insensitive), "m" (multiline) and "s" ("dot all") [''since r5699'']
+ regexp_match(regexp, string)::
+  Tries to match ''string'' against pattern ''regexp''. Returns a list of capture groups in case of success. The first element (index 0) is the complete match (i.e. ''string''). Further elements correspond to the bracketed parts of the regular expression. [''since r5701'']
+ regexp_match(regexp, string, flags)::
+  Tries to match ''string'' against pattern ''regexp''. Returns a list of capture groups in case of success. The first element (index 0) is the complete match (i.e. ''string''). Further elements correspond to the bracketed parts of the regular expression. Flags is a string that may contain "i" (case insensitive), "m" (multiline) and "s" ("dot all") [''since r5701'']
+ substring(str, idx)::
+  return the substring of ''str'', starting at index ''idx'' (0-indexed) [''since r6534'']
+ substring(str, start, end)::
+  return the substring of ''str'', starting at index ''start'' (inclusive) up to ''end'' (exclusive) (0-indexed) [''since r6534'']
+ replace(string, old, new)::
+   Replaces any occurrence of the substring ''old'' within the string ''string'' with the text ''new'' 
+ osm_id()::
+  returns the OSM id of the current object [''since r5699'']
+ osm_user_name()::
+  returns the OSM user name who last touched the current object [''since r15246'']
+ osm_user_id()::
+  returns the OSM user id who last touched the current object [''since r15246'']
+ osm_version()::
+  returns the OSM version number of the current object [''since r15246'']
+ osm_changeset_id()::
+  returns the id of the changeset the current object was last uploaded to [''since r15246'']
+ osm_timestamp()::
+  returns the time of last modification to the current object, as timestamp [''since r15246'']
+ parent_osm_id()::
+  returns the OSM id of the object's parent (matched by child selector) [''since r13094'']
+ URL_encode(str)::
+  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding percent-encode] a string. May be useful for data URLs [''since r6805'']
+ URL_decode(str)::
+  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding percent-decode] a string. [''since r11756'']
+ XML_encode(str)::
+  escape special characters in xml. E.g. `<` becomes `&lt;`, other special characters: `>`, `"`, `'`, `&`, `\n`, `\t` and `\r` [''since r6809'']
+ CRC32_checksum(''str'')::
+  calculate the CRC32 checksum of a string (result is an integer from 0 to 2^32^-1) [''since r6908'']
+ is_right_hand_traffic()::
+  Check if there is left-hand or right-hand traffic at the current location. [''since r7193'']
+ number_of_tags()::
+  returns the number of tags for the current OSM object [''since r7237'']
+ print(o)::
+  prints a string representation of `o` to the command line (for debugging) [''since r7237'']
+ println(o)::
+  prints a string representation of `o` to the command line, followed by a new line (for debugging) [''since r7237'']
+ JOSM_pref(''key'', ''default'')::
+  Get value from the JOSM advanced preferences. This way you can offer certain options to the user and make the style customizable. It works with strings, numbers, colors and boolean values. \\[This function exists since version r3856, but with some restrictions. `JOSM_pref` always returns a string, but in version r7237 and earlier, the automatic conversion of string to boolean and color was not working. You can use the following workarounds for boolean values and color in version r7237 and earlier: `cond(JOSM_pref("myprefkey", "true")="true", "X", "O")` and `html2color(JOSM_pref("mycolor", "#FF345611"))`. These explicit conversions should be no longer necessary in version r7238 and later. Automatic conversion to a number works in any version. Furthermore, in version r16590, can be used to set color properties. So `* { set_color: JOSM_pref("pref", #000000); }` will create a color property now.]
+ setting()::
+  to use a [wikitr:/Help/Styles/MapCSSImplementation#Stylesettings style setting] [''since r7450'']
+ degree_to_radians()::
+  returns a in degree given direction in radians [''since r8260'']
+ cardinal_to_radians()::
+  returns a cardinal direction in radians [''since r8260'']
+ waylength()::
+  returns the length of the way in metres [''since r8253'']
+ areasize()::
+  returns the area of a closed way in square meters [''since r8253'']
+ at(lat,lon)::
+  returns true if the object centroid lies at given ''lat''/''lon'' coordinates, e.g. to check for nodes at "null island" `node[at(0.0,0.0)]` [''since r12514'']
+ is_similar(''str1'', ''str2'')::
+  returns true if the two strings are similar, but not identical, i.e., have a Levenshtein distance of 1 or 2. Example: `way[highway][name][is_similar(tag(name), "Main Street")]` checks for streets with a possible typo in the name (e.g. Main Streeg). [''since r14371'']
+ gpx_distance()::
+  returns the lowest distance between the OSM object and a GPX point [''since r14802'']
+ count_roles()::
+  returns the number of primitives in a relation with the specified roles [''since r15275'']
+ sort(''str1'', ''str2'', ''str3'', ''...'')::
+  sorts an array of strings [''since r15279'']
+ sort_list()::
+  sorts a list of strings [''since r15279'']
+ tag_regex(''regex'')::
+  returns a list of values that match the regex [''since r15317'']
+ to_boolean(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a boolean [''since r16110'']
+ to_byte(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a byte [''since r16110'']
+ to_short(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a short [''since r16110'']
+ to_int(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a int [''since r16110'']
+ to_long(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a long [''since r16110'']
+ to_float(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a float [''since r16110'']
+ to_double(''str'')::
+  returns the string argument as a double [''since r16110'']
+ uniq(''str1'', ''str2'', ''str3'', ''...'')::
+  returns a list of strings that only have unique values from an array of strings [''since r15323'']
+ uniq_list()::
+  returns a list of strings that only have unique values from a list of strings [''since r15353'']
+ parent_way_angle()::
+  returns the angle of the parent way as a double in rad [''since r18678''] (see: text-rotation or icon-rotation)
+ convert_primitive_to_string(''PrimitiveId'')::
+  returns the primitive id as a string [''since r18829'']
+ convert_primitives_to_string(''PrimitiveId'', ''PrimitiveId'', ''...'')::
+  returns a list of primitive ids converted to strings [''since r18829'']
+ parent_osm_primitives(''optional key'', ''optional value'')::
+  returns a list of primitive ids which match the key and value (if present) [''since r18829'']
+
+=== Examples ===
+* circle symbol for house number with size depending of the number of digits
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node[addr:housenumber] { 
+    symbol-shape: circle; 
+    symbol-size: eval((min(length(tag("addr:housenumber")), 3) * 5) + 3); 
+    symbol-fill-color: #B0E0E6; 
+
+    text: "addr:housenumber"; 
+    text-anchor-horizontal: center; 
+    text-anchor-vertical: center; 
+    text-offset-x: -1; 
+    text-offset-y: -1; }
+    
+node[addr:housenumber]::hn_casing { 
+    z-index: -100; 
+    symbol-shape: circle; 
+    symbol-size: +2; 
+    symbol-fill-color: blue; 
+}
+}}}
+* invert colors
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*::* {
+    color: eval(rgb(1 - red(prop(color)), 1 - green(prop(color)), 1 - blue(prop(color))));
+    fill-color: eval(rgb(1 - red(prop(fill-color)), 1 - green(prop(fill-color)), 1 - blue(prop(fill-color))));
+}
+}}}
+* random stuff
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way {
+    width: eval(random() * 20);
+    color: eval(rgb(random(), random(), random()));
+}
+}}}
+
+* regexp matching example: change "nameXXXsubname" to "name::subname"
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+*[name=~/.+XXX.+/] 
+{
+    _match: regexp_match("(.+?)XXX(.+)", tag("name"));
+    text: concat(get(prop("_match"),1), "::", get(prop("_match"),2));
+}
+}}}
+
+* paint buildings in different colors according to street in the address tags
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[building][addr:street] {
+    fill-color: hsb_color(CRC32_checksum(tag("addr:street"))/4294967296.0, 0.9, 0.7);
+    fill-opacity: 0.8;
+}
+}}}
+
+* casing on inside of area
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+area[building]:clockwise {
+    right-casing-width: 10;
+}
+area[building]:anticlockwise {
+    left-casing-width: 10;
+}
+/* or */
+area[building][is_clockwise()] {
+    right-casing-width: 10;
+}
+area[building][is_anticlockwise()] {
+    left-casing-width: 10;
+}
+}}}
+
+* case insensitive selector. This matches: `Name=Main Street`, but also `naMe=MAIN STREET`
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+way[/(?i)^name$/ =~ /(?i)^Main Street$/] {
+}
+}}}
+
+
+== Compatibility notes ==
+=== MapCSS 0.2 ===
+==== Grammar ====
+ * `way[oneway=yes]` does not have any magic, you can use `way[oneway?]` instead
+ * no `@import`
+ * JOSM does not require `eval(...)` to be wrapped around expressions, but for compatibility with other MapCSS implementations you should write it out.
+
+==== Properties ====
+At the moment, JOSM does ''not'' support the following properties: 
+ line: ::
+  `image`
+ label: ::
+  `font-variant, text-decoration, text-transform, max-width`
+ shield: ::
+  not supported
+
+=== Halcyon (Potlatch 2) ===
+ * Text label is placed in the center of the icon. For compatibility with Halcyon put
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+node { text-anchor-vertical: center; text-anchor-horizontal: center; }
+}}}
+ at the beginning of your style sheet.
+ * standard z-index in Halcyon is 5, but it is 0 in JOSM
+ * '''`image: circle;`''' corresponds to '''`symbol-shape: circle;`'''
+
+=== Kothic ===
+ * Kothic has support for eval, which probably differs from JOSM's eval.
+ * Kothic understands units, whereas JOSM always calculates in pixel.
+ * The extrusion features are not available in JOSM.
+
+=== Ceyx ===
+ * seems to have `[tunnel=1]` instead of `[tunnel=yes]` (Halcyon) or `[tunnel?]` (JOSM)
+
+
+== Media queries (deprecated) ==
+
+{{{#!td style="background-color: #faa"
+Note: media queries are deprecated. You should use @supports rules instead (see above).
+}}}
+Media queries are used to skip a section of the style under certain conditions. Typically you want to use a feature which is introduced in a newer version of JOSM, but like to have a fall back style for users of older JOSM clients. This feature came with r6970. Example:
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+@media (min-josm-version: 9789) {
+    way[highway] {
+        width: 4;
+        color: orange;
+    }
+    /* fancy new stuff */
+    /* ... */
+}
+
+@media (max-josm-version: 9788) {
+    way[highway] {
+        width: 4;
+        color: blue;
+    }
+    /* fall back mode, using more simple features */
+    /* ... */
+}
+}}}
+
+The syntax closely matches the official [https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/#syntax css syntax]. The following conditions are supported:
+
+{{{#!th
+'''Media condition'''
+}}}
+{{{#!th
+'''Description'''
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(min-josm-version: ''<number>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Only include `@media` section when the current version of JOSM is greater than or equal to the specified number.
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(max-josm-version: ''<number>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Only include `@media` section when the current version of JOSM is lower than or equal to the specified number.
+}}}
+|-
+{{{#!td
+(user-agent: ''<string>'')
+}}}
+{{{#!td
+Only include `@media` section when the name of the editor / renderer matches the given string. In JOSM, the only accepted value is `josm`.
+}}}
+
+Conditions can be combined with `and`:
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+@media (min-josm-version: 6970) and (max-josm-version: 7014) {
+ /* only for JOSM versions 6970 to 7014 */
+}
+}}}
+
+Multiple combined conditions can be chained with a comma (logical ''or''):
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+@media (min-josm-version: 6970) and (max-josm-version: 7014), (user-agent: myEditor) {
+  /* for JOSM version 6970 to 7014 and for the editor called "myEditor" */
+}
+}}}
+
+Since media queries are only supported in JOSM 6970 and later, you should also specify this as minimum JOSM version in the meta selector:
+
+{{{
+#!mapcss
+meta {
+    min-josm-version: "6970"; /* This style uses media queries */
+    /* ... */
+}
+}}}
+
+
+{{{#!comment
+There is also the `not` keyword (see the linked css doc for details).
+This is implemented, but probably not very useful. Feel free to add documentation.
+}}}