source: josm/trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/routines/DomainValidator.java@ 11861

Last change on this file since 11861 was 11861, checked in by Don-vip, 7 years ago

update new TLD from IANA

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1/*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines;
18
19import java.net.IDN;
20import java.util.Arrays;
21import java.util.Locale;
22
23import org.openstreetmap.josm.Main;
24
25/**
26 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $
63 * @since Validator 1.4
64 */
65public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator {
66
67 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
68
69 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
70
71 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
72
73 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
74 // Max 63 characters
75 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
76
77 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
78 // Max 63 characters
79 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
80
81 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
82 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
83 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
84 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
85 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
86 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
87 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
88
89 private final boolean allowLocal;
90
91 /**
92 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
93 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
94 */
95 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
96
97 /**
98 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
99 * consider local addresses valid.
100 */
101 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
102
103 /**
104 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
105 */
106 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
107 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
108 /**
109 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
110 */
111 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
112 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
113 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
114
115 /**
116 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
117 * will not consider local addresses as valid.
118 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
119 */
120 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
121 inUse = true;
122 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
123 }
124
125 /**
126 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
127 * with local validation as required.
128 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
129 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
130 */
131 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) {
132 inUse = true;
133 if (allowLocal) {
134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
135 }
136 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
137 }
138
139 /**
140 * Private constructor.
141 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains
142 */
143 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) {
144 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
145 }
146
147 /**
148 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
149 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
150 * The parsing is case-insensitive.
151 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
152 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
153 */
154 @Override
155 public boolean isValid(String domain) {
156 if (domain == null) {
157 return false;
158 }
159 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
160 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
161 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
162 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
163 // checks in the regexes below
164 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
165 return false;
166 }
167 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain);
168 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
169 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
170 }
171 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain);
172 }
173
174 @Override
175 public String getValidatorName() {
176 return null;
177 }
178
179 // package protected for unit test access
180 // must agree with isValid() above
181 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
182 if (domain == null) {
183 return false;
184 }
185 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
186 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
187 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
188 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
189 // checks in the regexes below
190 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
191 return false;
192 }
193 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain);
194 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0)
195 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain);
196 }
197
198 /**
199 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
200 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
201 * The search is case-insensitive.
202 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
203 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
204 */
205 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) {
206 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld);
207 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) {
208 return true;
209 }
210 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld)
211 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld)
212 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld);
213 }
214
215 /**
216 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
217 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
218 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
219 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
220 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
221 */
222 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) {
223 if (iTld == null) return false;
224 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
225 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
226 }
227
228 /**
229 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
230 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
231 * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
232 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
233 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
234 */
235 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) {
236 if (gTld == null) return false;
237 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
238 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key))
239 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key);
240 }
241
242 /**
243 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
244 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
245 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
246 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
247 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
248 */
249 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) {
250 if (ccTld == null) return false;
251 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
252 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key))
253 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
254 }
255
256 /**
257 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
258 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
259 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
260 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
261 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
262 */
263 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) {
264 if (lTld == null) return false;
265 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
266 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key);
267 }
268
269 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) {
270 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
271 return str.substring(1);
272 }
273 return str;
274 }
275
276 // ---------------------------------------------
277 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA
278 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
279 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
280
281 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
282 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
283
284 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
285 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
286 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
287 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
288 // .bl country-code Not assigned
289 // .um country-code Not assigned
290
291 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
292 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] {
293 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
294 };
295
296 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
297 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] {
298 // Taken from Version 2017040800, Last Updated Sat Apr 8 07:07:01 2017 UTC
299 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
300 "aarp", // aarp AARP
301 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
302 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
303 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
304 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
305 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
306 "able", // able Able Inc.
307 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
308 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
309 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
310 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
311 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
312 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
313 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
314 "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
315 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
316 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
317 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
318 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
319 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
320 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
321 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
322 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
323 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
324 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
325 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
326 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
327 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
328 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd.
329 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
330 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
331 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
332 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
333 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
334 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
335 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
336 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
337 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
338 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
339 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
340 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
341 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
342 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
343 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
344 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
345 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
346 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
347 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
348 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
349 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
350 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
351 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
352 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
353 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
354 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
355 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
356 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
357 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
358 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
359 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
360 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
361 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
362 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
363 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
364 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
365 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
366 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
367 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
368 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
369 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
370 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
371 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
372 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
373 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
374 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
375 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
376 "axa", // axa AXA SA
377 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
378 "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
379 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
380 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
381 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
382 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
383 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
384 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
385 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
386 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
387 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
388 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
389 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
390 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
391 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
392 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
393 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
394 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
395 "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
396 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
397 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
398 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
399 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
400 "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
401 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
402 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
403 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
404 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
405 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
406 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
407 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
408 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
409 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
410 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
411 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
412 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
413 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
414 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
415 "black", // black Afilias Limited
416 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
417 "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
418 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
419 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
420 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
421 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
422 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
423 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
424 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
425 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
426 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
427 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
428 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
429 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
430 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
431 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
432 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
433 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
434 "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
435 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
436 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
437 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
438 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
439 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
440 "box", // box NS1 Limited
441 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
442 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
443 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
444 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
445 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
446 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
447 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
448 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
449 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
450 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
451 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
452 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
453 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
454 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
455 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
456 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
457 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
458 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
459 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
460 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
461 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
462 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
463 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
464 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
465 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
466 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
467 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
468 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
469 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
470 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
471 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
472 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
473 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
474 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
475 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
476 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
477 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
478 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
479 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
480 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
481 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
482 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
483 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
484 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
485 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
486 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
487 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
488 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
489 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
490 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
491 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
492 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
493 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
494 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
495 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
496 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
497 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
498 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
499 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
500 "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc.
501 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
502 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
503 "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
504 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
505 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
506 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
507 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
508 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
509 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
510 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
511 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
512 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
513 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
514 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
515 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
516 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
517 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
518 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
519 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
520 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
521 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
522 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
523 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
524 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
525 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
526 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
527 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
528 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
529 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
530 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
531 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
532 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
533 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
534 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
535 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
536 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
537 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
538 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
539 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
540 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
541 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
542 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
543 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
544 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
545 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
546 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
547 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
548 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
549 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
550 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
551 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
552 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
553 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
554 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
555 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
556 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
557 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
558 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
559 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
560 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
561 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
562 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
563 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
564 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
565 "date", // date dot Date Limited
566 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
567 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
568 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
569 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
570 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
571 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
572 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
573 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
574 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
575 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
576 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
577 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
578 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
579 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
580 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
581 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
582 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
583 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
584 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
585 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
586 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
587 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
588 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
589 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
590 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
591 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
592 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
593 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
594 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
595 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
596 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
597 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
598 "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
599 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
600 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
601 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
602 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
603 "download", // download dot Support Limited
604 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
605 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
606 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
607 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
608 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
609 "duns", // duns The Dun &amp; Bradstreet Corporation
610 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
611 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
612 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
613 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
614 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
615 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
616 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
617 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
618 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
619 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
620 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
621 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
622 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
623 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
624 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
625 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
626 "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
627 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
628 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
629 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
630 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
631 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
632 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
633 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company
634 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
635 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
636 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
637 "everbank", // everbank EverBank
638 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
639 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
640 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
641 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
642 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
643 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
644 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
645 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
646 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
647 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
648 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
649 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
650 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
651 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
652 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
653 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
654 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
655 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
656 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
657 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
658 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
659 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
660 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
661 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
662 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
663 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
664 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
665 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
666 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
667 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
668 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
669 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
670 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
671 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
672 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
673 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
674 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
675 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
676 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
677 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
678 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
679 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
680 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
681 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
682 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
683 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
684 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
685 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
686 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
687 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
688 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
689 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
690 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
691 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
692 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
693 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
694 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
695 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
696 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
697 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
698 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
699 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
700 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
701 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
702 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
703 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
704 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
705 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
706 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
707 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
708 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
709 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
710 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
711 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
712 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
713 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
714 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
715 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
716 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
717 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
718 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
719 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
720 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
721 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
722 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
723 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
724 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
725 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
726 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
727 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
728 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
729 "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
730 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
731 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
732 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
733 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
734 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
735 "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
736 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
737 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
738 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
739 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
740 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
741 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
742 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
743 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
744 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
745 "green", // green Afilias Limited
746 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
747 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
748 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
749 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
750 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
751 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
752 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
753 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
754 "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
755 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
756 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
757 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
758 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
759 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
760 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
761 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
762 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
763 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
764 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
765 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
766 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
767 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
768 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
769 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
770 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
771 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
772 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
773 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
774 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
775 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
776 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
777 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
778 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
779 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
780 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
781 "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
782 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
783 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
784 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
785 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
786 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
787 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
788 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
789 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
790 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
791 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
792 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
793 "htc", // htc HTC corporation
794 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
795 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
796 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
797 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
798 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
799 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
800 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
801 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
802 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
803 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
804 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
805 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
806 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
807 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
808 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
809 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
810 "info", // info Afilias Limited
811 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
812 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
813 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
814 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
815 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
816 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
817 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
818 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
819 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
820 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
821 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
822 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
823 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
824 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
825 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
826 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
827 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
828 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
829 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
830 "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
831 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
832 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
833 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
834 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
835 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
836 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
837 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
838 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
839 "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
840 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
841 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
842 "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
843 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
844 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
845 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
846 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
847 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
848 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
849 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
850 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
851 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
852 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
853 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
854 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
855 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
856 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
857 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
858 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
859 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
860 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
861 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
862 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
863 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
864 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
865 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
866 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
867 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
868 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
869 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
870 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
871 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
872 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
873 "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
874 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
875 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
876 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
877 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
878 "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
879 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
880 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
881 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
882 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
883 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
884 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
885 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
886 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
887 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
888 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
889 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
890 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
891 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
892 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
893 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
894 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
895 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
896 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
897 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
898 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
899 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
900 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
901 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
902 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
903 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
904 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
905 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
906 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
907 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
908 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
909 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
910 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
911 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
912 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
913 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
914 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
915 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
916 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
917 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
918 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
919 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
920 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
921 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
922 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
923 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
924 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
925 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
926 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
927 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
928 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
929 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
930 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
931 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
932 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
933 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
934 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
935 "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
936 "man", // man MAN SE
937 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
938 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
939 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
940 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
941 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
942 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
943 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
944 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
945 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
946 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
947 "mcd", // mcd McDonald's Corporation
948 "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald's Corporation
949 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
950 "med", // med Medistry LLC
951 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
952 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
953 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria
954 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
955 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
956 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
957 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
958 "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
959 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
960 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
961 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
962 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
963 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
964 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
965 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
966 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
967 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
968 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
969 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
970 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
971 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
972 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
973 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
974 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
975 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
976 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
977 "monash", // monash Monash University
978 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
979 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
980 "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc.
981 "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
982 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
983 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
984 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
985 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
986 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
987 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
988 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
989 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
990 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
991 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
992 "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
993 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
994 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
995 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
996 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
997 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
998 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
999 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
1000 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
1001 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
1002 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1003 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
1004 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
1005 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
1006 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
1007 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
1008 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
1009 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
1010 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1011 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
1012 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1013 "next", // next Next plc
1014 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
1015 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1016 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
1017 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
1018 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
1019 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
1020 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
1021 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
1022 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1023 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
1024 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
1025 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
1026 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
1027 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
1028 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1029 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1030 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
1031 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
1032 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
1033 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
1034 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
1035 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
1036 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1037 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1038 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
1039 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
1040 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
1041 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
1042 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
1043 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
1044 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
1045 "one", // one One.com A/S
1046 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
1047 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1048 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
1049 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
1050 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
1051 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
1052 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
1053 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
1054 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
1055 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
1056 "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express
1057 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
1058 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
1059 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
1060 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
1061 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
1062 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1063 "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd.
1064 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
1065 "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
1066 "paris", // paris City of Paris
1067 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1068 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
1069 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
1070 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
1071 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
1072 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1073 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
1074 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
1075 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
1076 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
1077 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1078 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
1079 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
1080 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
1081 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
1082 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
1083 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
1084 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
1085 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
1086 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
1087 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1088 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1089 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
1090 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
1091 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
1092 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
1093 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
1094 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1095 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1096 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1097 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1098 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1099 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1100 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1101 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1102 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1103 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1104 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1105 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1106 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1107 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1108 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1109 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1110 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1111 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1112 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1113 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1114 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1115 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1116 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1117 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1118 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1119 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1120 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1121 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1122 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1123 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1124 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1125 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1126 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1127 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1128 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1129 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1130 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1131 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1132 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1133 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1134 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1135 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1136 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1137 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1138 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1139 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1140 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1141 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1142 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1143 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1144 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1145 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1146 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1147 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1148 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1149 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1150 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1151 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1152 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1153 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1154 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1155 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1156 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1157 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1158 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1159 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1160 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1161 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1162 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1163 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1164 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1165 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1166 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1167 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1168 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1169 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1170 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1171 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1172 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1173 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1174 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1175 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1176 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1177 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1178 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1179 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1180 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1181 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1182 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1183 "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1184 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1185 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1186 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1187 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1188 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1189 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1190 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1191 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
1192 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
1193 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1194 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1195 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1196 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1197 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1198 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1199 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1200 "scor", // scor SCOR SE
1201 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1202 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1203 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1204 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1205 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1206 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1207 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1208 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1209 "ses", // ses SES
1210 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1211 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
1212 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1213 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1214 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1215 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1216 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1217 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1218 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1219 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1220 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1221 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1222 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1223 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1224 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1225 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1226 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1227 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1228 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1229 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1230 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1231 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1232 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1233 "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
1234 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1235 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1236 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1237 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1238 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1239 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1240 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1241 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1242 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1243 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1244 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1245 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1246 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1247 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1248 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1249 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1250 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1251 "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1252 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1253 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1254 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1255 "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1256 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1257 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1258 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1259 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1260 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1261 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1262 "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1263 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1264 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1265 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1266 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1267 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1268 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1269 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1270 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1271 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1272 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1273 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1274 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1275 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1276 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1277 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1278 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1279 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1280 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1281 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1282 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1283 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation
1284 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1285 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1286 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1287 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1288 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1289 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1290 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1291 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1292 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1293 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1294 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1295 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1296 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1297 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1298 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1299 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1300 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1301 "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1302 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1303 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1304 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1305 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1306 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1307 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1308 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1309 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1310 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1311 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1312 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1313 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1314 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1315 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1316 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1317 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1318 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1319 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1320 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1321 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1322 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1323 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
1324 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1325 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1326 "total", // total Total SA
1327 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1328 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1329 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1330 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1331 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1332 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1333 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1334 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1335 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1336 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1337 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1338 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1339 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1340 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1341 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1342 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1343 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1344 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1345 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1346 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1347 "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1348 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1349 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1350 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1351 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1352 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1353 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1354 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1355 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1356 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1357 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1358 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1359 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1360 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1361 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1362 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1363 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1364 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1365 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1366 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1367 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1368 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1369 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1370 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1371 "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1372 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1373 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1374 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1375 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1376 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1377 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1378 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1379 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1380 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1381 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1382 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1383 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1384 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1385 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1386 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1387 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1388 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1389 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1390 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1391 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1392 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1393 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1394 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1395 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1396 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1397 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1398 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1399 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1400 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1401 "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
1402 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1403 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1404 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1405 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1406 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1407 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1408 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1409 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1410 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1411 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1412 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1413 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1414 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1415 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1416 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1417 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1418 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1419 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1420 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1421 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1422 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1423 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1424 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1425 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1426 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1427 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1428 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1429 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1430 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1431 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1432 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1433 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1434 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1435 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1436 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1437 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1438 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1439 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1440 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1441 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1442 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1443 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1444 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1445 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1446 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1447 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1448 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1449 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1450 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1451 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1452 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1453 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1454 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1455 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1456 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1457 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1458 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1459 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1460 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1461 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1462 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1463 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1464 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1465 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1466 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1467 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1468 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1469 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1470 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1471 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1472 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1473 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1474 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1475 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1476 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1477 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1478 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1479 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1480 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1481 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc.
1482 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1483 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1484 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1485 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1486 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1487 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1488 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1489 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1490 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1491 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1492 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1493 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1494 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1495 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1496 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1497 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1498 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1499 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc.
1500 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1501 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1502 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1503 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1504 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1505 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1506 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1507 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1508 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1509 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1510 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1511 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1512 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1513 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1514 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1515 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1516 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1517 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1518 "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1519 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1520 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1521 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1522 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1523 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1524 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1525 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1526 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1527 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1528 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1529 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1530 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1531 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1532 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1533 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1534 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1535 "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1536 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1537 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1538 };
1539
1540 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1541 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] {
1542 "ac", // Ascension Island
1543 "ad", // Andorra
1544 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1545 "af", // Afghanistan
1546 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1547 "ai", // Anguilla
1548 "al", // Albania
1549 "am", // Armenia
1550 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1551 "ao", // Angola
1552 "aq", // Antarctica
1553 "ar", // Argentina
1554 "as", // American Samoa
1555 "at", // Austria
1556 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1557 "aw", // Aruba
1558 "ax", // Åland
1559 "az", // Azerbaijan
1560 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1561 "bb", // Barbados
1562 "bd", // Bangladesh
1563 "be", // Belgium
1564 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1565 "bg", // Bulgaria
1566 "bh", // Bahrain
1567 "bi", // Burundi
1568 "bj", // Benin
1569 "bm", // Bermuda
1570 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1571 "bo", // Bolivia
1572 "br", // Brazil
1573 "bs", // Bahamas
1574 "bt", // Bhutan
1575 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1576 "bw", // Botswana
1577 "by", // Belarus
1578 "bz", // Belize
1579 "ca", // Canada
1580 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1581 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1582 "cf", // Central African Republic
1583 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1584 "ch", // Switzerland
1585 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1586 "ck", // Cook Islands
1587 "cl", // Chile
1588 "cm", // Cameroon
1589 "cn", // China, mainland
1590 "co", // Colombia
1591 "cr", // Costa Rica
1592 "cu", // Cuba
1593 "cv", // Cape Verde
1594 "cw", // Curaçao
1595 "cx", // Christmas Island
1596 "cy", // Cyprus
1597 "cz", // Czech Republic
1598 "de", // Germany
1599 "dj", // Djibouti
1600 "dk", // Denmark
1601 "dm", // Dominica
1602 "do", // Dominican Republic
1603 "dz", // Algeria
1604 "ec", // Ecuador
1605 "ee", // Estonia
1606 "eg", // Egypt
1607 "er", // Eritrea
1608 "es", // Spain
1609 "et", // Ethiopia
1610 "eu", // European Union
1611 "fi", // Finland
1612 "fj", // Fiji
1613 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1614 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1615 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1616 "fr", // France
1617 "ga", // Gabon
1618 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1619 "gd", // Grenada
1620 "ge", // Georgia
1621 "gf", // French Guiana
1622 "gg", // Guernsey
1623 "gh", // Ghana
1624 "gi", // Gibraltar
1625 "gl", // Greenland
1626 "gm", // The Gambia
1627 "gn", // Guinea
1628 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1629 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1630 "gr", // Greece
1631 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1632 "gt", // Guatemala
1633 "gu", // Guam
1634 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1635 "gy", // Guyana
1636 "hk", // Hong Kong
1637 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1638 "hn", // Honduras
1639 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1640 "ht", // Haiti
1641 "hu", // Hungary
1642 "id", // Indonesia
1643 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1644 "il", // Israel
1645 "im", // Isle of Man
1646 "in", // India
1647 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1648 "iq", // Iraq
1649 "ir", // Iran
1650 "is", // Iceland
1651 "it", // Italy
1652 "je", // Jersey
1653 "jm", // Jamaica
1654 "jo", // Jordan
1655 "jp", // Japan
1656 "ke", // Kenya
1657 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1658 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1659 "ki", // Kiribati
1660 "km", // Comoros
1661 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1662 "kp", // North Korea
1663 "kr", // South Korea
1664 "kw", // Kuwait
1665 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1666 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1667 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1668 "lb", // Lebanon
1669 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1670 "li", // Liechtenstein
1671 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1672 "lr", // Liberia
1673 "ls", // Lesotho
1674 "lt", // Lithuania
1675 "lu", // Luxembourg
1676 "lv", // Latvia
1677 "ly", // Libya
1678 "ma", // Morocco
1679 "mc", // Monaco
1680 "md", // Moldova
1681 "me", // Montenegro
1682 "mg", // Madagascar
1683 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1684 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1685 "ml", // Mali
1686 "mm", // Myanmar
1687 "mn", // Mongolia
1688 "mo", // Macau
1689 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1690 "mq", // Martinique
1691 "mr", // Mauritania
1692 "ms", // Montserrat
1693 "mt", // Malta
1694 "mu", // Mauritius
1695 "mv", // Maldives
1696 "mw", // Malawi
1697 "mx", // Mexico
1698 "my", // Malaysia
1699 "mz", // Mozambique
1700 "na", // Namibia
1701 "nc", // New Caledonia
1702 "ne", // Niger
1703 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1704 "ng", // Nigeria
1705 "ni", // Nicaragua
1706 "nl", // Netherlands
1707 "no", // Norway
1708 "np", // Nepal
1709 "nr", // Nauru
1710 "nu", // Niue
1711 "nz", // New Zealand
1712 "om", // Oman
1713 "pa", // Panama
1714 "pe", // Peru
1715 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1716 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1717 "ph", // Philippines
1718 "pk", // Pakistan
1719 "pl", // Poland
1720 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1721 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1722 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1723 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1724 "pt", // Portugal
1725 "pw", // Palau
1726 "py", // Paraguay
1727 "qa", // Qatar
1728 "re", // Réunion
1729 "ro", // Romania
1730 "rs", // Serbia
1731 "ru", // Russia
1732 "rw", // Rwanda
1733 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1734 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1735 "sc", // Seychelles
1736 "sd", // Sudan
1737 "se", // Sweden
1738 "sg", // Singapore
1739 "sh", // Saint Helena
1740 "si", // Slovenia
1741 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1742 "sk", // Slovakia
1743 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1744 "sm", // San Marino
1745 "sn", // Senegal
1746 "so", // Somalia
1747 "sr", // Suriname
1748 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1749 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1750 "sv", // El Salvador
1751 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1752 "sy", // Syria
1753 "sz", // Swaziland
1754 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1755 "td", // Chad
1756 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1757 "tg", // Togo
1758 "th", // Thailand
1759 "tj", // Tajikistan
1760 "tk", // Tokelau
1761 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1762 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1763 "tn", // Tunisia
1764 "to", // Tonga
1765 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1766 "tr", // Turkey
1767 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1768 "tv", // Tuvalu
1769 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1770 "tz", // Tanzania
1771 "ua", // Ukraine
1772 "ug", // Uganda
1773 "uk", // United Kingdom
1774 "us", // United States of America
1775 "uy", // Uruguay
1776 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1777 "va", // Vatican City State
1778 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1779 "ve", // Venezuela
1780 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1781 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1782 "vn", // Vietnam
1783 "vu", // Vanuatu
1784 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1785 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1786 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
1787 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1788 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1789 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1790 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1791 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1792 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1793 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1794 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1795 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1796 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1797 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1798 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1799 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1800 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1801 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1802 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1803 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1804 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1805 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1806 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1807 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1808 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1809 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1810 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1811 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1812 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1813 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1814 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1815 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1816 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1817 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1818 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1819 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1820 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1821 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
1822 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1823 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1824 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1825 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1826 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1827 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1828 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1829 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1830 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
1831 "ye", // Yemen
1832 "yt", // Mayotte
1833 "za", // South Africa
1834 "zm", // Zambia
1835 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1836 };
1837
1838 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1839 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] {
1840 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1841 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1842 };
1843
1844 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
1845 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
1846
1847 /*
1848 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1849 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1850 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1851 * synchronized methods.
1852 */
1853 private static boolean inUse;
1854
1855 /*
1856 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile.
1857 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance
1858 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised.
1859 */
1860 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1861 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1862
1863 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1864 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1865
1866 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1867 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1868
1869 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1870 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1871
1872 /**
1873 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
1874 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
1875 * @since 1.5.0
1876 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
1877 */
1878 public enum ArrayType {
1879 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
1880 GENERIC_PLUS,
1881 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
1882 GENERIC_MINUS,
1883 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
1884 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
1885 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
1886 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
1887 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */
1888 GENERIC_RO,
1889 /** Get a copy of the country code table */
1890 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
1891 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */
1892 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
1893 /** Get a copy of the local table */
1894 LOCAL_RO
1895 }
1896
1897 // For use by unit test code only
1898 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() {
1899 inUse = false;
1900 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1901 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1902 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1903 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1904 }
1905
1906 /**
1907 * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1908 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1909 * <p>
1910 * For example:
1911 * <p>
1912 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code>
1913 * <p>
1914 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1915 *
1916 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1917 * Must be one of the following
1918 * <ul>
1919 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1920 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1921 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1922 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1923 * </ul>
1924 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1925 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1926 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1927 * @since 1.5.0
1928 */
1929 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) {
1930 if (inUse) {
1931 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1932 }
1933 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1934 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1935 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1936 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1937 }
1938 Arrays.sort(copy);
1939 switch(table) {
1940 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1941 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1942 break;
1943 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1944 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
1945 break;
1946 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1947 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
1948 break;
1949 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1950 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
1951 break;
1952 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1953 case GENERIC_RO:
1954 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1955 case LOCAL_RO:
1956 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
1957 default:
1958 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
1959 }
1960 }
1961
1962 /**
1963 * Get a copy of the internal array.
1964 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1965 * @return a copy of the array
1966 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1967 * @since 1.5.1
1968 */
1969 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) {
1970 final String[] array;
1971 switch(table) {
1972 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1973 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1974 break;
1975 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1976 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1977 break;
1978 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1979 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1980 break;
1981 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1982 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1983 break;
1984 case GENERIC_RO:
1985 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1986 break;
1987 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1988 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1989 break;
1990 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1991 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1992 break;
1993 case LOCAL_RO:
1994 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1995 break;
1996 default:
1997 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
1998 }
1999 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2000 }
2001
2002 /**
2003 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
2004 * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
2005 *
2006 * @param input the string to convert, not null
2007 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
2008 */
2009 // Needed by UrlValidator
2010 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) {
2011 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
2012 return input;
2013 }
2014 try {
2015 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
2016 if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
2017 return ascii;
2018 }
2019 final int length = input.length();
2020 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
2021 return input;
2022 }
2023 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
2024 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
2025 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
2026 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
2027 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
2028 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char
2029 switch(lastChar) {
2030 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
2031 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
2032 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
2033 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
2034 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop
2035 default:
2036 return ascii;
2037 }
2038 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
2039 Main.trace(e);
2040 return input;
2041 }
2042 }
2043
2044 private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
2045 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
2046 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
2047 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
2048 }
2049
2050 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
2051 }
2052
2053 /*
2054 * Check if input contains only ASCII
2055 * Treats null as all ASCII
2056 */
2057 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) {
2058 if (input == null) {
2059 return true;
2060 }
2061 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
2062 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
2063 return false;
2064 }
2065 }
2066 return true;
2067 }
2068
2069 /**
2070 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
2071 *
2072 * @param sortedArray the array to search
2073 * @param key the key to find
2074 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
2075 */
2076 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) {
2077 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
2078 }
2079}
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