Index: plugins/validator/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/validator/tests/NameMismatch.java
===================================================================
--- plugins/validator/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/validator/tests/NameMismatch.java	(revision 0)
+++ plugins/validator/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/validator/tests/NameMismatch.java	(revision 0)
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests;
+
+import static org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.I18n.tr;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.OsmPrimitive;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.Severity;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.Test;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.TestError;
+
+/**
+ * Check for name not equal to any name:*
+ * <p>
+ * This test finds multilingual objects whose 'name' attribute is not
+ * equal to any 'name:*' attribute and not a composition of some
+ * 'name:*' attributes separated by ' - '.  For example, a node with
+ * name=Europe, name:de=Europa should have name:en=Europe to avoid
+ * triggering this test.
+ *
+ * @author Skela
+ */
+public class NameMismatch extends Test {
+    protected static final int NAME_MISSING = 1501;
+    protected static final int NAME_TRANSLATION_MISSING = 1502;
+
+    public NameMismatch() {
+        super(tr("Missing name:* translation."),
+            tr("This test finds multilingual objects whose 'name' attribute is not equal to some 'name:*' attribute and not a composition of 'name:*' attributes, e.g., Italia-Italien-Italy."));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Report a missing translation.
+     *
+     * @param p The primitive whose translation is missing
+     */
+    private void missingTranslation(OsmPrimitive p) {
+        errors.add(new TestError(this, Severity.OTHER,
+            tr("A name:* translation is missing."),
+            NAME_TRANSLATION_MISSING, p));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check a primitive for a name mismatch.
+     *
+     * @param p The primitive to be tested
+     */
+    public void check(OsmPrimitive p) {
+        HashSet<String> names = new HashSet<String>();
+
+        for (Entry<String, String> entry : p.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey().startsWith("name:")) {
+                String name_s = entry.getValue();
+                if (name_s != null) {
+                    names.add(name_s);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (names.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        String name = p.get("name");
+
+        if (name == null) {
+            errors.add(new TestError(this, Severity.OTHER,
+                tr("A name is missing, even though name:* exists."),
+                                     NAME_MISSING, p));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (names.contains(name)) return;
+        /* If name is not equal to one of the name:*, it should be a
+        composition of some (not necessarily all) name:* labels.
+        Check if this is the case. */
+
+        String split_names[] = name.split(" - ");
+        if (split_names.length == 1) {
+            /* The name is not composed of multiple parts. Complain. */
+            missingTranslation(p);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* Check that each part corresponds to a translated name:*. */
+        for (String n : split_names) {
+            if (!names.contains(n)) {
+                missingTranslation(p);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks a name mismatch in all primitives.
+     *
+     * @param selection The primitives to be tested
+     */
+    @Override public void visit(Collection<OsmPrimitive> selection) {
+        for (OsmPrimitive p : selection)
+            if (!p.isDeleted() && !p.incomplete)
+                check(p);
+    }
+}
Index: plugins/validator/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/validator/OSMValidatorPlugin.java
===================================================================
--- plugins/validator/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/validator/OSMValidatorPlugin.java	(revision 18025)
+++ plugins/validator/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/validator/OSMValidatorPlugin.java	(working copy)
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.va
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.DuplicateNode;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.DuplicateWay;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.DuplicatedWayNodes;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.NameMismatch;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.NodesWithSameName;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.OverlappingWays;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.validator.tests.SelfIntersectingWay;
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ public class OSMValidatorPlugin extends 
             TagChecker.class, // ID 1201 .. 1299
             UnconnectedWays.class, // ID 1301 .. 1399
             DuplicateWay.class, // ID 1401 .. 1499
+            NameMismatch.class, // ID  1501 ..  1599
     };
 
     /**