Index: data/defaultpresets.xml
===================================================================
--- data/defaultpresets.xml	(revision 15556)
+++ data/defaultpresets.xml	(working copy)
@@ -7580,6 +7580,19 @@
                 <role key="to" text="to way" requisite="required" count="1" type="way" />
             </roles>
         </item> <!-- Turn Restriction -->
+        <item name="Lane Connectivity" type="relation" preset_name_label="true" icon="presets/transport/way/relation_connectivity.svg">
+            <link wiki="Relation:connectivity" />
+            <space />
+            <key key="type" value="connectivity" />
+            <optional>
+                <text key="connectivity" text="Lane Connectivity" />
+            </optional>
+            <roles>
+                <role key="from" text="from way" requisite="required" count="1" type="way" />
+                <role key="via" text="via node or ways" requisite="required" type="way,node" />
+                <role key="to" text="to way" requisite="required" count="1" type="way" />
+            </roles>
+        </item> <!-- Lane Connectivity -->
         <item name="Enforcement" icon="presets/vehicle/restriction/speed_camera.svg" type="relation" preset_name_label="true">
             <link wiki="Relation:enforcement" />
             <space />
Index: images/presets/transport/way/relation_connectivity.svg
===================================================================
--- images/presets/transport/way/relation_connectivity.svg	(nonexistent)
+++ images/presets/transport/way/relation_connectivity.svg	(working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16">
+  <path d="M0,0 h16v16h-16z" fill="#8d8"/>
+  <path d="M1.5,16v-6.5l4,-4v-6l8,0v16.5" stroke="#fff" fill="#888"/>
+  <path d="M9.5,1v2m0,2v2m0,2v2m0,2v2m-4,0v-2m0,-2v-2" stroke="#fff"/>
+</svg>
Index: src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/OsmValidator.java
===================================================================
--- src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/OsmValidator.java	(revision 15556)
+++ src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/OsmValidator.java	(working copy)
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.BarriersEntrances;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.Coastlines;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.ConditionalKeys;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.ConnectivityRelations;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.CrossingWays;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.DuplicateNode;
 import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests.DuplicateRelation;
@@ -150,6 +151,7 @@
         PublicTransportRouteTest.class, // 3600 .. 3699
         RightAngleBuildingTest.class, // 3700 .. 3799
         SharpAngles.class, // 3800 .. 3899
+        ConnectivityRelations.class, // 3900 .. 3999
     };

     /**
Index: src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/ConnectivityRelations.java
===================================================================
--- src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/ConnectivityRelations.java	(nonexistent)
+++ src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/ConnectivityRelations.java	(working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// License: GPL. For details, see LICENSE file.
+package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests;
+
+import static org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.I18n.tr;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Node;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.OsmPrimitive;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.OsmPrimitiveType;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Relation;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.RelationMember;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Way;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.Severity;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.Test;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.TestError;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging;
+
+/**
+ * Check for inconsistencies in lane information between relation and members.
+ */
+public class ConnectivityRelations extends Test {
+
+    protected static final int INCONSISTENT_LANE_COUNT = 3900;
+
+    protected static final int UNKNOWN_CONNECTIVITY_ROLE = INCONSISTENT_LANE_COUNT + 1;
+
+    protected static final int NO_CONNECTIVITY_TAG = INCONSISTENT_LANE_COUNT + 2;
+
+    protected static final int TOO_MANY_ROLES = INCONSISTENT_LANE_COUNT + 3;
+
+    private static final String CONNECTIVITY_TAG = "connectivity";
+    private static final String VIA = "via";
+    private static final String TO = "to";
+    private static final String FROM = "from";
+    private static final Pattern OPTIONAL_LANE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\([0-9]+\\)");
+    private static final Pattern TO_LANE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\p{Zs}*[,:;]\\p{Zs}*");
+
+    /**
+    * Constructor
+    */
+    public ConnectivityRelations() {
+        super(tr("Connectivity Relation Check"), tr("Checks that lane count of relation matches with lanes of members"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the connectivity tag into a map of values
+     *
+     * @param relation A relation with a {@code connectivity} tag.
+     * @return A Map in the form of {@code Map<Lane From, Map<Lane To, Optional>>} May contain nulls when errors are encountered
+     * @since xxx
+     */
+    public static Map<Integer, Map<Integer, Boolean>> parseConnectivityTag(Relation relation) {
+        final String joined = relation.get(CONNECTIVITY_TAG);
+
+        if (joined == null) {
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+        }
+
+        final Map<Integer, Map<Integer, Boolean>> result = new HashMap<>();
+        String[] lanes = joined.split("\\|", -1);
+        for (int i = 0; i < lanes.length; i++) {
+            String[] lane = lanes[i].split(":", -1);
+            int laneNumber = Integer.parseInt(lane[0].trim());
+            Map<Integer, Boolean> connections = new HashMap<>();
+            String[] toLanes = TO_LANE_PATTERN.split(lane[1]);
+            for (int j = 0; j < toLanes.length; j++) {
+                String toLane = toLanes[j].trim();
+                try {
+                    if (OPTIONAL_LANE_PATTERN.matcher(toLane).matches()) {
+                        toLane = toLane.replace("(", "").replace(")", "").trim();
+                        connections.put(Integer.parseInt(toLane), Boolean.TRUE);
+                    } else {
+                        connections.put(Integer.parseInt(toLane), Boolean.FALSE);
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    Logging.debug(e);
+                    connections.put(null, null);
+                }
+
+            }
+            result.put(laneNumber, connections);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visit(Relation r) {
+        if (r.hasTag("type", CONNECTIVITY_TAG)) {
+            if (!r.hasKey(CONNECTIVITY_TAG)) {
+                errors.add(TestError.builder(this, Severity.WARNING, NO_CONNECTIVITY_TAG)
+                        .message(tr("No connectivity tag in connectivity relation")).primitives(r).build());
+            } else if (!r.hasIncompleteMembers()) {
+                boolean badRole = checkForBadRole(r);
+                if (!badRole)
+                    checkForInconsistentLanes(r);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkForInconsistentLanes(Relation relation) {
+        // Lane count from connectivity tag
+        Map<Integer, Map<Integer, Boolean>> connTagLanes = parseConnectivityTag(relation);
+        // Lane count from member tags
+        Map<String, Integer> roleLanes = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (RelationMember rM : relation.getMembers()) {
+            // Check lanes
+            if (rM.getType() == OsmPrimitiveType.WAY) {
+                OsmPrimitive prim = rM.getMember();
+                if (prim.hasKey("lanes") && !VIA.equals(rM.getRole())) {
+                    roleLanes.put(rM.getRole(), Integer.parseInt(prim.get("lanes")));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        boolean fromCheck = roleLanes.get(FROM) < Collections
+                .max(connTagLanes.entrySet(), Comparator.comparingInt(Map.Entry::getKey)).getKey();
+        boolean toCheck = false;
+        for (Entry<Integer, Map<Integer, Boolean>> to : connTagLanes.entrySet()) {
+            toCheck = roleLanes.get(TO) < Collections
+                    .max(to.getValue().entrySet(), Comparator.comparingInt(Map.Entry::getKey)).getKey();
+        }
+        if (fromCheck || toCheck) {
+            errors.add(TestError.builder(this, Severity.WARNING, INCONSISTENT_LANE_COUNT)
+                    .message(tr("Inconsistent lane numbering between relation and members")).primitives(relation)
+                    .build());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkForBadRole(Relation relation) {
+        // Check role names
+        int viaWays = 0;
+        int viaNodes = 0;
+        int toWays = 0;
+        int fromWays = 0;
+        for (RelationMember relationMember : relation.getMembers()) {
+            if (relationMember.getMember() instanceof Way) {
+                if (relationMember.hasRole(FROM))
+                    fromWays++;
+                else if (relationMember.hasRole(TO))
+                    toWays++;
+                else if (relationMember.hasRole(VIA))
+                    viaWays++;
+                else {
+                    createUnknownRole(relation, relationMember.getMember());
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } else if (relationMember.getMember() instanceof Node) {
+                if (!relationMember.hasRole(VIA)) {
+                    createUnknownRole(relation, relationMember.getMember());
+                    return true;
+                }
+                viaNodes++;
+            }
+        }
+        return mixedViaNodeAndWay(relation, viaWays, viaNodes, toWays, fromWays);
+    }
+
+    private boolean mixedViaNodeAndWay(Relation relation, int viaWays, int viaNodes, int toWays, int fromWays) {
+        String message = "";
+        if ((viaWays != 0 && viaNodes != 0) || viaNodes > 1) {
+            message = tr("Relation contains {1} {0} roles.", VIA, viaWays + viaNodes);
+        } else if (toWays != 1) {
+            message = tr("Relation contains too many {0} roles", TO);
+        } else if (fromWays != 1) {
+            message = tr("Relation contains too many {0} roles", FROM);
+        }
+        if (message.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            errors.add(TestError.builder(this, Severity.WARNING, TOO_MANY_ROLES)
+                    .message(message).primitives(relation).build());
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void createUnknownRole(Relation relation, OsmPrimitive primitive) {
+        errors.add(TestError.builder(this, Severity.WARNING, UNKNOWN_CONNECTIVITY_ROLE)
+                .message(tr("Unkown role in connectivity relation")).primitives(relation).highlight(primitive).build());
+    }
+}
Index: test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/ConnectivityRelationsTest.java
===================================================================
--- test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/ConnectivityRelationsTest.java	(nonexistent)
+++ test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/tests/ConnectivityRelationsTest.java	(working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// License: GPL. For details, see LICENSE file.
+package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.tests;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.JOSMFixture;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.TestUtils;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.coor.LatLon;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Node;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Relation;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.RelationMember;
+
+/**
+ * Test the ConnectivityRelations validation test
+ *
+ * @author Taylor Smock
+ */
+public class ConnectivityRelationsTest {
+    private ConnectivityRelations check;
+    private static final String CONNECTIVITY = "connectivity";
+    /**
+     * Setup test.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs
+     */
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        JOSMFixture.createUnitTestFixture().init();
+        check = new ConnectivityRelations();
+    }
+
+    private Relation createDefaultTestRelation() {
+        Node connection = new Node(new LatLon(0, 0));
+        return TestUtils.newRelation("type=connectivity connectivity=1:1",
+                new RelationMember("from", TestUtils.newWay("lanes=4", new Node(new LatLon(-0.1, -0.1)), connection)),
+                new RelationMember("via", connection),
+                new RelationMember("to", TestUtils.newWay("lanes=4", connection, new Node(new LatLon(0.1, 0.1)))));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test for connectivity relations without a connectivity tag
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNoConnectivityTag() {
+        Relation relation = createDefaultTestRelation();
+        check.visit(relation);
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        relation.remove(CONNECTIVITY);
+        check.visit(relation);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, check.getErrors().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check for lanes that don't make sense
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMisMatchedLanes() {
+        Relation relation = createDefaultTestRelation();
+        check.visit(relation);
+        int expectedFailures = 0;
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        relation.put(CONNECTIVITY, "45000:1");
+        check.visit(relation);
+        Assert.assertEquals(++expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        relation.put(CONNECTIVITY, "1:45000");
+        check.visit(relation);
+        Assert.assertEquals(++expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        relation.put(CONNECTIVITY, "1:1,2");
+        check.visit(relation);
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        relation.put(CONNECTIVITY, "1:1,(2)");
+        check.visit(relation);
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        relation.put(CONNECTIVITY, "1:1,(20000)");
+        check.visit(relation);
+        Assert.assertEquals(++expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check for bad roles (not from/via/to)
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testForBadRole() {
+        Relation relation = createDefaultTestRelation();
+        check.visit(relation);
+        int expectedFailures = 0;
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < relation.getMembers().size(); i++) {
+            String tRole = replaceMember(relation, i, "badRole");
+            check.visit(relation);
+            Assert.assertEquals(++expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+            replaceMember(relation, i, tRole);
+            check.visit(relation);
+            Assert.assertEquals(expectedFailures, check.getErrors().size());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String replaceMember(Relation relation, int index, String replacementRole) {
+        RelationMember relationMember = relation.getMember(index);
+        String currentRole = relationMember.getRole();
+        relation.removeMember(index);
+        relation.addMember(index, new RelationMember(replacementRole, relationMember.getMember()));
+        return currentRole;
+    }
+}
