Index: applications/editors/josm/plugins/utilsplugin2/test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/utilsplugin2/actions/SplitObjectActionTest.java
===================================================================
--- applications/editors/josm/plugins/utilsplugin2/test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/utilsplugin2/actions/SplitObjectActionTest.java	(revision 36130)
+++ applications/editors/josm/plugins/utilsplugin2/test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/plugins/utilsplugin2/actions/SplitObjectActionTest.java	(revision 36130)
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package org.openstreetmap.josm.plugins.utilsplugin2.actions;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertAll;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.TestUtils;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.actions.CombineWayAction;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.actions.DeleteAction;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.actions.SplitWayAction;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.command.ChangeMembersCommand;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.command.DeleteCommand;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.UndoRedoHandler;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.coor.LatLon;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.DataSet;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Node;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.OsmDataManager;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.OsmPrimitive;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Relation;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.RelationMember;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.RelationToChildReference;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Way;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.gui.MainApplication;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.gui.layer.OsmDataLayer;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.gui.util.GuiHelper;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.spi.preferences.Config;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.testutils.annotations.Main;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.testutils.annotations.Projection;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Utils;
+import org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError;
+
+/**
+ * Test class for {@link SplitObjectAction}
+ */
+@Main
+@Projection
+class SplitObjectActionTest {
+    private SplitObjectAction action;
+    private DataSet dataSet;
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() {
+        DeleteCommand.setDeletionCallback(DeleteAction.defaultDeletionCallback);
+    }
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setup() {
+        action = new SplitObjectAction();
+        dataSet = new DataSet();
+        MainApplication.getLayerManager().addLayer(new OsmDataLayer(dataSet, "SplitObjectActionTest", null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testNonRegression23159() {
+        final Way inner = TestUtils.newWay("", new Node(new LatLon(0.25, 0.25)),
+                new Node(new LatLon(0.25, 0.75)), new Node(new LatLon(0.75, 0.75)),
+                new Node(new LatLon(0.75, 0.25)));
+        inner.setOsmId(1, 1);
+        final Way outer = TestUtils.newWay("", new Node(new LatLon(0, 0)),
+                new Node(new LatLon(0, 1)), new Node(new LatLon(1, 1)),
+                new Node(new LatLon(1, 0)));
+        outer.setOsmId(2, 1);
+        final Relation relation = TestUtils.newRelation("type=multipolygon landuse=orchard",
+                new RelationMember("inner", inner), new RelationMember("outer", outer));
+        relation.setOsmId(3, 1);
+        this.dataSet.addPrimitiveRecursive(relation);
+        inner.addNode(inner.firstNode());
+        outer.addNode(outer.firstNode());
+        final Way newWay = TestUtils.newWay("", outer.firstNode(), new Node(new LatLon(-0.5, -0.5)), outer.getNode(1));
+        this.dataSet.addPrimitive(newWay.getNode(1));
+        this.dataSet.addPrimitive(newWay);
+
+        this.dataSet.setSelected(outer.firstNode(), outer.getNode(1));
+        new SplitWayAction().actionPerformed(null);
+
+        final Way innerSplitWay = this.dataSet.getSelectedWays().stream().filter(w -> w.getNodesCount() == 2)
+                .findFirst().orElseThrow(() -> new AssertionFailedError("Could not find correct split way"));
+        this.dataSet.setSelected(newWay, this.dataSet.getSelectedWays().stream().filter(w -> w.getNodesCount() == 4)
+                .findFirst().orElseThrow(() -> new AssertionFailedError("Could not find correct split way")));
+
+        DeleteCommand.setDeletionCallback(new AlwaysDeleteCallback());
+
+        Config.getPref().putBoolean("message.combine_tags", false);
+        Config.getPref().putInt("message.combine_tags.value", JOptionPane.YES_OPTION);
+        new CombineWayAction().actionPerformed(null);
+        GuiHelper.runInEDTAndWait(() -> { /* sync edt */ });
+
+        assertAll(relation.getMemberPrimitives().stream()
+                .map(prim -> () -> assertFalse(prim.isDeleted(), prim.toString())));
+
+        this.dataSet.setSelected(innerSplitWay);
+        this.action.actionPerformed(null);
+
+        assertEquals(3, relation.getMembersCount());
+
+        assertAll(relation.getMemberPrimitives().stream()
+                .map(prim -> () -> assertFalse(prim.isDeleted(), prim.toString())));
+
+        this.dataSet.setSelected(dataSet.getNodes().stream()
+                .filter(node -> Utils.equalsEpsilon(node.lat(), -0.5) && Utils.equalsEpsilon(node.lon(), -0.5))
+                .map(n -> n.getParentWays().get(0)).findFirst().orElseThrow(AssertionFailedError::new));
+
+        /* Copied from PropertiesDialog */
+        List<RelationMember> members = relation.getMembers();
+        for (OsmPrimitive primitive: OsmDataManager.getInstance().getInProgressSelection()) {
+            members.removeIf(rm -> rm.getMember() == primitive);
+        }
+        // This is where the problem occurs.
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> UndoRedoHandler.getInstance().add(new ChangeMembersCommand(relation, members)));
+        /* End copy from PropertiesDialog */
+
+        assertEquals(1, dataSet.getRelations().size());
+        assertEquals(2, relation.getMembersCount());
+    }
+
+    private static class AlwaysDeleteCallback implements DeleteCommand.DeletionCallback {
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean checkAndConfirmOutlyingDelete(Collection<? extends OsmPrimitive> primitives, Collection<? extends OsmPrimitive> ignore) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean confirmRelationDeletion(Collection<Relation> relations) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean confirmDeletionFromRelation(Collection<RelationToChildReference> references) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}