Index: trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/osm/FilterModel.java
===================================================================
--- trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/osm/FilterModel.java	(revision 18570)
+++ trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/osm/FilterModel.java	(revision 18571)
@@ -302,5 +302,5 @@
         List<Filter> result = new ArrayList<>(rowIndexes.length);
         for (int i = rowIndexes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            result.add(filters.remove(i));
+            result.add(filters.remove(rowIndexes[i]));
         }
         // Reverse the list so that users can iterate through the filters in the order that they were in the model.
Index: trunk/test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/gui/dialogs/FilterDialogTest.java
===================================================================
--- trunk/test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/gui/dialogs/FilterDialogTest.java	(revision 18571)
+++ trunk/test/unit/org/openstreetmap/josm/gui/dialogs/FilterDialogTest.java	(revision 18571)
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// License: GPL. For details, see LICENSE file.
+package org.openstreetmap.josm.gui.dialogs;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.osm.Filter;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.testutils.JOSMTestRules;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.testutils.annotations.BasicPreferences;
+import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.ReflectionUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Test class for {@link FilterDialog}
+ */
+@BasicPreferences
+class FilterDialogTest {
+    private static final List<Filter> FILTERS = Stream.of("type:node", "type:way", "type:relation")
+            .map(Filter::readFromString).map(Filter::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+    @RegisterExtension
+    static JOSMTestRules josmTestRules = new JOSMTestRules().main();
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(ints = {0, 1, 2})
+    void testNonRegression22439(int indexToRemove) throws ReflectiveOperationException {
+        FilterDialog filterDialog = new FilterDialog();
+        FilterTableModel filterModel = filterDialog.getFilterModel();
+        filterModel.addFilters(FILTERS.toArray(new Filter[0]));
+        Filter toRemove = filterModel.getValue(indexToRemove);
+
+        assertEquals(FILTERS.get(indexToRemove), toRemove, "The indexes don't match between lists");
+
+        filterModel.getSelectionModel().setSelectionInterval(indexToRemove, indexToRemove);
+        Field deleteField = FilterDialog.class.getDeclaredField("deleteAction");
+        ReflectionUtils.setObjectsAccessible(deleteField);
+        AbstractAction deleteAction = (AbstractAction) deleteField.get(filterDialog);
+        deleteAction.actionPerformed(null);
+
+        assertEquals(2, filterModel.getFilters().size());
+        assertFalse(filterModel.getFilters().contains(toRemove));
+    }
+}