source: josm/trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/routines/DomainValidator.java@ 15372

Last change on this file since 15372 was 15372, checked in by Don-vip, 5 years ago
  • fix #18153 - prefer location=roof over location=rooftop, location over generator:location
  • update TLD from IANA
  • ignore cycling network tags icn[_ref], ncn[_ref], rcn[_ref], lcn[_ref]
  • Property svn:eol-style set to native
File size: 100.2 KB
Line 
1/*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines;
18
19import java.net.IDN;
20import java.util.Arrays;
21import java.util.Locale;
22
23import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging;
24
25/**
26 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $
63 * @since Validator 1.4
64 */
65public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator {
66
67 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
68
69 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
70
71 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
72
73 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
74 // Max 63 characters
75 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
76
77 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
78 // Max 63 characters
79 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
80
81 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
82 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
83 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
84 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
85 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
86 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
87 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
88
89 private final boolean allowLocal;
90
91 /**
92 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
93 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
94 */
95 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
96
97 /**
98 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
99 * consider local addresses valid.
100 */
101 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
102
103 /**
104 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
105 */
106 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
107 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
108 /**
109 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
110 */
111 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
112 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
113 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
114
115 /**
116 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
117 * will not consider local addresses as valid.
118 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
119 */
120 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
121 inUse = true;
122 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
123 }
124
125 /**
126 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
127 * with local validation as required.
128 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
129 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
130 */
131 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) {
132 inUse = true;
133 if (allowLocal) {
134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
135 }
136 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
137 }
138
139 /**
140 * Private constructor.
141 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains
142 */
143 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) {
144 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
145 }
146
147 /**
148 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
149 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
150 * The parsing is case-insensitive.
151 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
152 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
153 */
154 @Override
155 public boolean isValid(String domain) {
156 if (domain == null) {
157 return false;
158 }
159 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
160 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
161 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
162 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
163 // checks in the regexes below
164 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
165 return false;
166 }
167 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain);
168 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
169 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
170 }
171 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain);
172 }
173
174 @Override
175 public String getValidatorName() {
176 return null;
177 }
178
179 // package protected for unit test access
180 // must agree with isValid() above
181 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
182 if (domain == null) {
183 return false;
184 }
185 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
186 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
187 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
188 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
189 // checks in the regexes below
190 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
191 return false;
192 }
193 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain);
194 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0)
195 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain);
196 }
197
198 /**
199 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
200 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
201 * The search is case-insensitive.
202 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
203 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
204 */
205 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) {
206 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld);
207 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) {
208 return true;
209 }
210 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld)
211 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld)
212 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld);
213 }
214
215 /**
216 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
217 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
218 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
219 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
220 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
221 */
222 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) {
223 if (iTld == null) return false;
224 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
225 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
226 }
227
228 /**
229 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
230 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
231 * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
232 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
233 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
234 */
235 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) {
236 if (gTld == null) return false;
237 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
238 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key))
239 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key);
240 }
241
242 /**
243 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
244 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
245 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
246 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
247 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
248 */
249 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) {
250 if (ccTld == null) return false;
251 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
252 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key))
253 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
254 }
255
256 /**
257 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
258 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
259 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
260 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
261 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
262 */
263 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) {
264 if (lTld == null) return false;
265 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
266 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key);
267 }
268
269 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) {
270 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
271 return str.substring(1);
272 }
273 return str;
274 }
275
276 // ---------------------------------------------
277 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA
278 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
279 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
280
281 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
282 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
283
284 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
285 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
286 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
287 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
288 // .bl country-code Not assigned
289 // .um country-code Not assigned
290
291 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
292 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] {
293 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
294 };
295
296 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
297 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] {
298 // Taken from Version 2019092301, Last Updated Tue Sep 24 07:07:01 2019 UTC
299 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
300 "aarp", // aarp AARP
301 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
302 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
303 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
304 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
305 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
306 "able", // able Able Inc.
307 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
308 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
309 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
310 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
311 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
312 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
313 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
314 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
315 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
316 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
317 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
318 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
319 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
320 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
321 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
322 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
323 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
324 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
325 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
326 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
327 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd.
328 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
329 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
330 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
331 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
332 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
333 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
334 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
335 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
336 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
337 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
338 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
339 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
340 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
341 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
342 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
343 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
344 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
345 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
346 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
347 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
348 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
349 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
350 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
351 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
352 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
353 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
354 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
355 "arab", // arab League of Arab States
356 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
357 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
358 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
359 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
360 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
361 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
362 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
363 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
364 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
365 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
366 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
367 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
368 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
369 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
370 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
371 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
372 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
373 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
374 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
375 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
376 "axa", // axa AXA SA
377 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
378 "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
379 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
380 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
381 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
382 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
383 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
384 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
385 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
386 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
387 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
388 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
389 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
390 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
391 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
392 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
393 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
394 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
395 "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
396 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
397 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
398 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
399 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
400 "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
401 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
402 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
403 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
404 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
405 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
406 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
407 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
408 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
409 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
410 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
411 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
412 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
413 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
414 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
415 "black", // black Afilias Limited
416 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
417 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
418 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
419 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
420 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
421 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
422 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
423 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
424 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
425 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
426 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
427 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
428 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
429 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
430 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
431 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
432 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
433 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
434 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
435 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
436 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
437 "box", // box NS1 Limited
438 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
439 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
440 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
441 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
442 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
443 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
444 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
445 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
446 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
447 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
448 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
449 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
450 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
451 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
452 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
453 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
454 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
455 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
456 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
457 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
458 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
459 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
460 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
461 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
462 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
463 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
464 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
465 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
466 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
467 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
468 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
469 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
470 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
471 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
472 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
473 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
474 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
475 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
476 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
477 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
478 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
479 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
480 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
481 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
482 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
483 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
484 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
485 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
486 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
487 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
488 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
489 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
490 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
491 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
492 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
493 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
494 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
495 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
496 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
497 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
498 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
499 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
500 "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
501 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
502 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
503 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
504 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
505 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
506 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
507 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
508 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
509 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
510 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
511 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
512 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
513 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
514 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
515 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
516 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
517 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
518 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
519 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
520 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
521 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
522 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
523 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
524 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
525 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
526 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
527 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
528 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
529 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
530 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
531 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
532 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
533 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
534 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
535 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
536 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
537 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
538 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
539 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
540 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
541 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
542 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
543 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
544 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
545 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
546 "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
547 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
548 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
549 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
550 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
551 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
552 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
553 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
554 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
555 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
556 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
557 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
558 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
559 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
560 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
561 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
562 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
563 "date", // date dot Date Limited
564 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
565 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
566 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
567 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
568 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
569 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
570 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
571 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
572 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
573 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
574 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
575 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
576 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
577 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
578 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
579 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
580 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
581 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
582 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
583 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
584 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
585 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
586 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
587 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
588 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
589 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
590 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
591 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
592 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
593 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
594 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
595 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
596 "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
597 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
598 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
599 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
600 "download", // download dot Support Limited
601 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
602 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
603 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
604 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
605 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
606 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
607 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
608 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
609 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
610 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
611 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
612 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
613 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
614 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
615 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
616 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
617 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
618 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
619 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
620 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
621 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
622 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
623 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
624 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
625 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
626 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
627 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
628 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company
629 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
630 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
631 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
632 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
633 "everbank", // everbank EverBank
634 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
635 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
636 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
637 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
638 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
639 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
640 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
641 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
642 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
643 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
644 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
645 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
646 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
647 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
648 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
649 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
650 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
651 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
652 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
653 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
654 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
655 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
656 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
657 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
658 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
659 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
660 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
661 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
662 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
663 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
664 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
665 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
666 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
667 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
668 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
669 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
670 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
671 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
672 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
673 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
674 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
675 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
676 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
677 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
678 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
679 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
680 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
681 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
682 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
683 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
684 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
685 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
686 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
687 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
688 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
689 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
690 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
691 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
692 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
693 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
694 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
695 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
696 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
697 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
698 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
699 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
700 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
701 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
702 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
703 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
704 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
705 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
706 "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
707 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
708 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
709 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
710 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
711 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
712 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
713 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
714 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
715 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
716 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
717 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
718 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
719 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
720 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
721 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
722 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
723 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
724 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
725 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
726 "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
727 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
728 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
729 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
730 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
731 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
732 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
733 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
734 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
735 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
736 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
737 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
738 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
739 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
740 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
741 "green", // green Afilias Limited
742 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
743 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
744 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
745 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
746 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
747 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
748 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
749 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
750 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
751 "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
752 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
753 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
754 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
755 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
756 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
757 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
758 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
759 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
760 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
761 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
762 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
763 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
764 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
765 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
766 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
767 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
768 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
769 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
770 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
771 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
772 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
773 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
774 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
775 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
776 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
777 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
778 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
779 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
780 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
781 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
782 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
783 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
784 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
785 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
786 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
787 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
788 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
789 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
790 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
791 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
792 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
793 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
794 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
795 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
796 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
797 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
798 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
799 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
800 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
801 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
802 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
803 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
804 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
805 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
806 "info", // info Afilias Limited
807 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
808 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
809 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
810 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
811 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
812 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
813 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
814 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
815 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
816 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
817 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
818 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
819 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
820 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
821 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
822 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
823 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
824 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
825 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
826 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
827 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
828 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
829 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
830 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
831 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
832 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
833 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
834 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
835 "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
836 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
837 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
838 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
839 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
840 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
841 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
842 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
843 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
844 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
845 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
846 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
847 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
848 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
849 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
850 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
851 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
852 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
853 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
854 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
855 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
856 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
857 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
858 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
859 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
860 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
861 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
862 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
863 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
864 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
865 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
866 "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
867 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
868 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
869 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
870 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
871 "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
872 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
873 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
874 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
875 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
876 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
877 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
878 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
879 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
880 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
881 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
882 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
883 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
884 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
885 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
886 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
887 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
888 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
889 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
890 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
891 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
892 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
893 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
894 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
895 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
896 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
897 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
898 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
899 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
900 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
901 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
902 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
903 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
904 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
905 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
906 "llc", // llc Afilias plc
907 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
908 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
909 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
910 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
911 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
912 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
913 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
914 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
915 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
916 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
917 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
918 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
919 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
920 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
921 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
922 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
923 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
924 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
925 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
926 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
927 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
928 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
929 "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
930 "man", // man MAN SE
931 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
932 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
933 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
934 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
935 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
936 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
937 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
938 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
939 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
940 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
941 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
942 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
943 "med", // med Medistry LLC
944 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
945 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
946 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria
947 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
948 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
949 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
950 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
951 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
952 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
953 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
954 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
955 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
956 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
957 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
958 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
959 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
960 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
961 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
962 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
963 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
964 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
965 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
966 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
967 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
968 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
969 "monash", // monash Monash University
970 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
971 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
972 "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
973 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
974 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
975 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
976 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
977 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
978 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
979 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
980 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
981 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
982 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
983 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
984 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
985 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
986 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
987 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
988 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
989 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
990 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
991 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
992 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
993 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
994 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
995 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
996 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
997 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
998 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
999 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
1000 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1001 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
1002 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1003 "next", // next Next plc
1004 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
1005 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1006 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
1007 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
1008 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
1009 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
1010 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
1011 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
1012 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1013 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
1014 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
1015 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
1016 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
1017 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
1018 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1019 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1020 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
1021 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
1022 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
1023 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
1024 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
1025 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
1026 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1027 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1028 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
1029 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
1030 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
1031 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
1032 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
1033 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
1034 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
1035 "one", // one One.com A/S
1036 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
1037 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1038 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
1039 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
1040 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
1041 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
1042 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
1043 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
1044 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
1045 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
1046 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
1047 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
1048 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
1049 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
1050 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
1051 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1052 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
1053 "paris", // paris City of Paris
1054 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1055 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
1056 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
1057 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
1058 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
1059 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1060 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
1061 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
1062 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
1063 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
1064 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1065 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1066 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
1067 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
1068 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
1069 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
1070 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
1071 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
1072 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
1073 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
1074 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
1075 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1076 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1077 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
1078 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
1079 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
1080 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
1081 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
1082 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1083 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1084 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1085 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1086 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1087 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1088 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1089 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1090 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1091 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1092 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1093 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1094 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1095 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1096 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1097 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1098 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1099 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1100 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1101 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1102 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1103 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1104 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1105 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1106 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1107 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1108 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1109 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1110 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1111 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1112 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1113 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1114 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1115 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1116 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1117 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1118 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1119 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1120 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1121 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1122 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1123 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1124 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1125 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1126 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1127 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1128 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1129 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1130 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1131 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1132 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1133 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1134 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1135 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1136 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1137 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1138 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1139 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1140 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1141 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1142 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1143 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1144 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1145 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1146 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1147 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1148 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1149 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1150 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1151 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1152 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1153 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1154 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1155 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1156 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1157 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1158 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1159 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1160 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1161 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1162 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1163 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1164 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1165 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1166 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1167 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1168 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1169 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1170 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1171 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1172 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1173 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1174 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1175 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1176 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1177 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1178 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
1179 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
1180 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1181 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1182 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1183 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1184 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1185 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1186 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1187 "scor", // scor SCOR SE
1188 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1189 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1190 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1191 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1192 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1193 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1194 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1195 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1196 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1197 "ses", // ses SES
1198 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1199 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
1200 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1201 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1202 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1203 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1204 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1205 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1206 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1207 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1208 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1209 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1210 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1211 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1212 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1213 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1214 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1215 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1216 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1217 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1218 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1219 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1220 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1221 "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
1222 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1223 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1224 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1225 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1226 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1227 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1228 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1229 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1230 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1231 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1232 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1233 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1234 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1235 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1236 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1237 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1238 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1239 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1240 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1241 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1242 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1243 "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1244 "ss", // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1245 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1246 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1247 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1248 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1249 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1250 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1251 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1252 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1253 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1254 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1255 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1256 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1257 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1258 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1259 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1260 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1261 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1262 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1263 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1264 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1265 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1266 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1267 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1268 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1269 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1270 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation
1271 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1272 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1273 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1274 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1275 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1276 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1277 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1278 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1279 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1280 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1281 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1282 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1283 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1284 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1285 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1286 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1287 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1288 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1289 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1290 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1291 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1292 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1293 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1294 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1295 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1296 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1297 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1298 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1299 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1300 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1301 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1302 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1303 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1304 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1305 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1306 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1307 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1308 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1309 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
1310 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1311 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1312 "total", // total Total SA
1313 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1314 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1315 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1316 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1317 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1318 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1319 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1320 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1321 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1322 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1323 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1324 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1325 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1326 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1327 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1328 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1329 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1330 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1331 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1332 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1333 "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1334 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1335 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1336 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1337 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1338 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1339 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1340 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1341 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1342 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1343 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1344 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1345 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1346 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1347 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1348 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1349 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1350 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1351 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1352 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1353 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1354 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1355 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1356 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1357 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1358 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1359 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1360 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1361 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1362 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1363 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1364 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1365 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1366 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1367 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1368 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1369 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1370 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1371 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1372 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1373 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1374 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1375 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1376 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1377 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1378 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1379 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1380 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1381 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1382 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1383 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1384 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1385 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1386 "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
1387 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1388 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1389 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1390 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1391 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1392 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1393 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1394 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1395 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1396 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1397 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1398 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1399 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1400 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1401 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1402 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1403 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1404 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1405 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1406 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1407 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1408 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1409 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1410 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1411 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1412 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1413 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1414 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1415 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1416 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1417 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1418 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1419 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1420 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1421 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1422 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1423 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1424 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1425 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1426 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1427 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1428 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1429 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1430 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1431 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1432 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1433 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1434 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1435 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1436 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1437 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1438 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1439 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1440 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1441 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1442 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1443 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1444 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1445 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1446 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1447 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1448 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1449 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1450 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1451 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1452 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1453 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1454 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1455 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1456 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1457 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1458 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1459 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1460 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1461 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1462 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1463 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1464 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1465 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1466 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1467 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1468 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1469 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1470 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1471 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc.
1472 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1473 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1474 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1475 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1476 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1477 "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1478 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1479 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1480 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1481 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1482 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1483 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1484 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1485 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1486 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1487 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1488 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1489 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1490 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1491 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1492 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1493 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1494 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc.
1495 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1496 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1497 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1498 "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1499 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1500 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1501 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1502 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1503 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1504 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1505 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1506 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1507 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1508 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1509 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1510 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1511 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1512 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1513 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1514 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1515 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1516 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1517 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1518 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1519 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1520 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1521 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1522 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1523 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1524 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1525 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1526 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1527 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1528 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1529 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1530 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1531 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1532 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1533 };
1534
1535 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1536 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] {
1537 "ac", // Ascension Island
1538 "ad", // Andorra
1539 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1540 "af", // Afghanistan
1541 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1542 "ai", // Anguilla
1543 "al", // Albania
1544 "am", // Armenia
1545 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1546 "ao", // Angola
1547 "aq", // Antarctica
1548 "ar", // Argentina
1549 "as", // American Samoa
1550 "at", // Austria
1551 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1552 "aw", // Aruba
1553 "ax", // Åland
1554 "az", // Azerbaijan
1555 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1556 "bb", // Barbados
1557 "bd", // Bangladesh
1558 "be", // Belgium
1559 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1560 "bg", // Bulgaria
1561 "bh", // Bahrain
1562 "bi", // Burundi
1563 "bj", // Benin
1564 "bm", // Bermuda
1565 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1566 "bo", // Bolivia
1567 "br", // Brazil
1568 "bs", // Bahamas
1569 "bt", // Bhutan
1570 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1571 "bw", // Botswana
1572 "by", // Belarus
1573 "bz", // Belize
1574 "ca", // Canada
1575 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1576 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1577 "cf", // Central African Republic
1578 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1579 "ch", // Switzerland
1580 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1581 "ck", // Cook Islands
1582 "cl", // Chile
1583 "cm", // Cameroon
1584 "cn", // China, mainland
1585 "co", // Colombia
1586 "cr", // Costa Rica
1587 "cu", // Cuba
1588 "cv", // Cape Verde
1589 "cw", // Curaçao
1590 "cx", // Christmas Island
1591 "cy", // Cyprus
1592 "cz", // Czech Republic
1593 "de", // Germany
1594 "dj", // Djibouti
1595 "dk", // Denmark
1596 "dm", // Dominica
1597 "do", // Dominican Republic
1598 "dz", // Algeria
1599 "ec", // Ecuador
1600 "ee", // Estonia
1601 "eg", // Egypt
1602 "er", // Eritrea
1603 "es", // Spain
1604 "et", // Ethiopia
1605 "eu", // European Union
1606 "fi", // Finland
1607 "fj", // Fiji
1608 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1609 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1610 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1611 "fr", // France
1612 "ga", // Gabon
1613 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1614 "gd", // Grenada
1615 "ge", // Georgia
1616 "gf", // French Guiana
1617 "gg", // Guernsey
1618 "gh", // Ghana
1619 "gi", // Gibraltar
1620 "gl", // Greenland
1621 "gm", // The Gambia
1622 "gn", // Guinea
1623 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1624 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1625 "gr", // Greece
1626 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1627 "gt", // Guatemala
1628 "gu", // Guam
1629 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1630 "gy", // Guyana
1631 "hk", // Hong Kong
1632 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1633 "hn", // Honduras
1634 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1635 "ht", // Haiti
1636 "hu", // Hungary
1637 "id", // Indonesia
1638 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1639 "il", // Israel
1640 "im", // Isle of Man
1641 "in", // India
1642 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1643 "iq", // Iraq
1644 "ir", // Iran
1645 "is", // Iceland
1646 "it", // Italy
1647 "je", // Jersey
1648 "jm", // Jamaica
1649 "jo", // Jordan
1650 "jp", // Japan
1651 "ke", // Kenya
1652 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1653 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1654 "ki", // Kiribati
1655 "km", // Comoros
1656 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1657 "kp", // North Korea
1658 "kr", // South Korea
1659 "kw", // Kuwait
1660 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1661 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1662 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1663 "lb", // Lebanon
1664 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1665 "li", // Liechtenstein
1666 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1667 "lr", // Liberia
1668 "ls", // Lesotho
1669 "lt", // Lithuania
1670 "lu", // Luxembourg
1671 "lv", // Latvia
1672 "ly", // Libya
1673 "ma", // Morocco
1674 "mc", // Monaco
1675 "md", // Moldova
1676 "me", // Montenegro
1677 "mg", // Madagascar
1678 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1679 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1680 "ml", // Mali
1681 "mm", // Myanmar
1682 "mn", // Mongolia
1683 "mo", // Macau
1684 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1685 "mq", // Martinique
1686 "mr", // Mauritania
1687 "ms", // Montserrat
1688 "mt", // Malta
1689 "mu", // Mauritius
1690 "mv", // Maldives
1691 "mw", // Malawi
1692 "mx", // Mexico
1693 "my", // Malaysia
1694 "mz", // Mozambique
1695 "na", // Namibia
1696 "nc", // New Caledonia
1697 "ne", // Niger
1698 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1699 "ng", // Nigeria
1700 "ni", // Nicaragua
1701 "nl", // Netherlands
1702 "no", // Norway
1703 "np", // Nepal
1704 "nr", // Nauru
1705 "nu", // Niue
1706 "nz", // New Zealand
1707 "om", // Oman
1708 "pa", // Panama
1709 "pe", // Peru
1710 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1711 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1712 "ph", // Philippines
1713 "pk", // Pakistan
1714 "pl", // Poland
1715 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1716 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1717 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1718 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1719 "pt", // Portugal
1720 "pw", // Palau
1721 "py", // Paraguay
1722 "qa", // Qatar
1723 "re", // Réunion
1724 "ro", // Romania
1725 "rs", // Serbia
1726 "ru", // Russia
1727 "rw", // Rwanda
1728 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1729 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1730 "sc", // Seychelles
1731 "sd", // Sudan
1732 "se", // Sweden
1733 "sg", // Singapore
1734 "sh", // Saint Helena
1735 "si", // Slovenia
1736 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1737 "sk", // Slovakia
1738 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1739 "sm", // San Marino
1740 "sn", // Senegal
1741 "so", // Somalia
1742 "sr", // Suriname
1743 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1744 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1745 "sv", // El Salvador
1746 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1747 "sy", // Syria
1748 "sz", // Swaziland
1749 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1750 "td", // Chad
1751 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1752 "tg", // Togo
1753 "th", // Thailand
1754 "tj", // Tajikistan
1755 "tk", // Tokelau
1756 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1757 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1758 "tn", // Tunisia
1759 "to", // Tonga
1760 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1761 "tr", // Turkey
1762 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1763 "tv", // Tuvalu
1764 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1765 "tz", // Tanzania
1766 "ua", // Ukraine
1767 "ug", // Uganda
1768 "uk", // United Kingdom
1769 "us", // United States of America
1770 "uy", // Uruguay
1771 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1772 "va", // Vatican City State
1773 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1774 "ve", // Venezuela
1775 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1776 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1777 "vn", // Vietnam
1778 "vu", // Vanuatu
1779 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1780 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1781 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
1782 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1783 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1784 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1785 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1786 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1787 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1788 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1789 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1790 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1791 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1792 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1793 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1794 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1795 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1796 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1797 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1798 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1799 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1800 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1801 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1802 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1803 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1804 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1805 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1806 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1807 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1808 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1809 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1810 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1811 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1812 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1813 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1814 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1815 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1816 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
1817 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1818 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1819 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1820 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1821 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1822 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1823 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1824 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1825 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
1826 "ye", // Yemen
1827 "yt", // Mayotte
1828 "za", // South Africa
1829 "zm", // Zambia
1830 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1831 };
1832
1833 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1834 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] {
1835 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1836 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1837 };
1838
1839 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
1840 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
1841
1842 /*
1843 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1844 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1845 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1846 * synchronized methods.
1847 */
1848 private static boolean inUse;
1849
1850 /*
1851 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile.
1852 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance
1853 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised.
1854 */
1855 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1856 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1857
1858 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1859 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1860
1861 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1862 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1863
1864 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1865 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1866
1867 /**
1868 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
1869 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
1870 * @since 1.5.0
1871 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
1872 */
1873 public enum ArrayType {
1874 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional generic TLDs */
1875 GENERIC_PLUS,
1876 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
1877 GENERIC_MINUS,
1878 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional country code TLDs */
1879 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
1880 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
1881 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
1882 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */
1883 GENERIC_RO,
1884 /** Get a copy of the country code table */
1885 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
1886 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */
1887 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
1888 /** Get a copy of the local table */
1889 LOCAL_RO
1890 }
1891
1892 // For use by unit test code only
1893 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() {
1894 inUse = false;
1895 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1896 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1897 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1898 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1899 }
1900
1901 /**
1902 * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1903 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1904 * <p>
1905 * For example:
1906 * <p>
1907 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code>
1908 * <p>
1909 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1910 *
1911 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1912 * Must be one of the following
1913 * <ul>
1914 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1915 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1916 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1917 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1918 * </ul>
1919 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1920 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1921 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1922 * @since 1.5.0
1923 */
1924 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) {
1925 if (inUse) {
1926 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1927 }
1928 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1929 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1930 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1931 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1932 }
1933 Arrays.sort(copy);
1934 switch(table) {
1935 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1936 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1937 break;
1938 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1939 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
1940 break;
1941 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1942 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
1943 break;
1944 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1945 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
1946 break;
1947 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1948 case GENERIC_RO:
1949 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1950 case LOCAL_RO:
1951 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
1952 default:
1953 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
1954 }
1955 }
1956
1957 /**
1958 * Get a copy of the internal array.
1959 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1960 * @return a copy of the array
1961 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1962 * @since 1.5.1
1963 */
1964 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) {
1965 final String[] array;
1966 switch(table) {
1967 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1968 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1969 break;
1970 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1971 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1972 break;
1973 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1974 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1975 break;
1976 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1977 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1978 break;
1979 case GENERIC_RO:
1980 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1981 break;
1982 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1983 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1984 break;
1985 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1986 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1987 break;
1988 case LOCAL_RO:
1989 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1990 break;
1991 default:
1992 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
1993 }
1994 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1995 }
1996
1997 /**
1998 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
1999 * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
2000 *
2001 * @param input the string to convert, not null
2002 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
2003 */
2004 // Needed by UrlValidator
2005 public static String unicodeToASCII(String input) {
2006 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
2007 return input;
2008 }
2009 try {
2010 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
2011 if (IdnBugHolder.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
2012 return ascii;
2013 }
2014 final int length = input.length();
2015 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
2016 return input;
2017 }
2018 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
2019 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
2020 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
2021 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
2022 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
2023 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char
2024 switch(lastChar) {
2025 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
2026 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
2027 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
2028 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
2029 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop
2030 default:
2031 return ascii;
2032 }
2033 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
2034 Logging.trace(e);
2035 return input;
2036 }
2037 }
2038
2039 private static class IdnBugHolder {
2040 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
2041 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
2042 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
2043 }
2044
2045 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
2046 }
2047
2048 /*
2049 * Check if input contains only ASCII
2050 * Treats null as all ASCII
2051 */
2052 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) {
2053 if (input == null) {
2054 return true;
2055 }
2056 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
2057 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
2058 return false;
2059 }
2060 }
2061 return true;
2062 }
2063
2064 /**
2065 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
2066 *
2067 * @param sortedArray the array to search
2068 * @param key the key to find
2069 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
2070 */
2071 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) {
2072 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
2073 }
2074}
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