source: josm/trunk/src/org/openstreetmap/josm/data/validation/routines/DomainValidator.java@ 14265

Last change on this file since 14265 was 14265, checked in by Don-vip, 6 years ago

update TLD from IANA

  • Property svn:eol-style set to native
File size: 100.7 KB
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1/*
2 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
4 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 *
9 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 *
11 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15 * limitations under the License.
16 */
17package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.validation.routines;
18
19import java.net.IDN;
20import java.util.Arrays;
21import java.util.Locale;
22
23import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Logging;
24
25/**
26 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
27 *
28 * <p>
29 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30 * and top-level domains.
31 * </p>
32 *
33 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39 * same name would have passed.
40 * </p>
41 *
42 * <p>
43 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45 * </p>
46 *
47 * <ul>
48 * <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49 * (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
50 * <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51 * (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
52 * <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53 * (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
54 * </ul>
55 *
56 * <p>
57 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60 * </p>
61 *
62 * @version $Revision: 1740822 $
63 * @since Validator 1.4
64 */
65public final class DomainValidator extends AbstractValidator {
66
67 private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
68
69 private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
70
71 // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
72
73 // RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
74 // Max 63 characters
75 private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
76
77 // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
78 // Max 63 characters
79 private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
80
81 // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
82 // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
83 // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
84 // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
85 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
86 private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
87 "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
88
89 private final boolean allowLocal;
90
91 /**
92 * Singleton instance of this validator, which
93 * doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
94 */
95 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
96
97 /**
98 * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
99 * consider local addresses valid.
100 */
101 private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
102
103 /**
104 * RegexValidator for matching domains.
105 */
106 private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
107 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
108 /**
109 * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
110 */
111 // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
112 private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
113 new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
114
115 /**
116 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
117 * will not consider local addresses as valid.
118 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
119 */
120 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
121 inUse = true;
122 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
123 }
124
125 /**
126 * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
127 * with local validation as required.
128 * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
129 * @return the singleton instance of this validator
130 */
131 public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) {
132 inUse = true;
133 if (allowLocal) {
134 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
135 }
136 return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
137 }
138
139 /**
140 * Private constructor.
141 * @param allowLocal whether to allow local domains
142 */
143 private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) {
144 this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
145 }
146
147 /**
148 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
149 * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
150 * The parsing is case-insensitive.
151 * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
152 * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
153 */
154 @Override
155 public boolean isValid(String domain) {
156 if (domain == null) {
157 return false;
158 }
159 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
160 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
161 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
162 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
163 // checks in the regexes below
164 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
165 return false;
166 }
167 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain);
168 if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
169 return isValidTld(groups[0]);
170 }
171 return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain);
172 }
173
174 @Override
175 public String getValidatorName() {
176 return null;
177 }
178
179 // package protected for unit test access
180 // must agree with isValid() above
181 boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
182 if (domain == null) {
183 return false;
184 }
185 String asciiDomain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
186 // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
187 // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
188 // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
189 // checks in the regexes below
190 if (asciiDomain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
191 return false;
192 }
193 String[] groups = domainRegex.match(asciiDomain);
194 return (groups != null && groups.length > 0)
195 || hostnameRegex.isValid(asciiDomain);
196 }
197
198 /**
199 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
200 * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
201 * The search is case-insensitive.
202 * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
203 * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
204 */
205 public boolean isValidTld(String tld) {
206 String asciiTld = unicodeToASCII(tld);
207 if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(asciiTld)) {
208 return true;
209 }
210 return isValidInfrastructureTld(asciiTld)
211 || isValidGenericTld(asciiTld)
212 || isValidCountryCodeTld(asciiTld);
213 }
214
215 /**
216 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
217 * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
218 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
219 * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
220 * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
221 */
222 public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) {
223 if (iTld == null) return false;
224 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
225 return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
226 }
227
228 /**
229 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
230 * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
231 * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
232 * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
233 * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
234 */
235 public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) {
236 if (gTld == null) return false;
237 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
238 return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key))
239 && !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key);
240 }
241
242 /**
243 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
244 * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
245 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
246 * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
247 * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
248 */
249 public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) {
250 if (ccTld == null) return false;
251 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
252 return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key))
253 && !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
254 }
255
256 /**
257 * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
258 * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
259 * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
260 * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
261 * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
262 */
263 public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) {
264 if (lTld == null) return false;
265 final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
266 return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key);
267 }
268
269 private static String chompLeadingDot(String str) {
270 if (str.startsWith(".")) {
271 return str.substring(1);
272 }
273 return str;
274 }
275
276 // ---------------------------------------------
277 // ----- TLDs defined by IANA
278 // ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
279 // ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
280
281 // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
282 // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
283
284 // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
285 // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
286 // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
287 // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
288 // .bl country-code Not assigned
289 // .um country-code Not assigned
290
291 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
292 private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] {
293 "arpa", // internet infrastructure
294 };
295
296 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
297 private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] {
298 // Taken from Version 2018071800, Last Updated Wed Jul 18 07:07:01 2018 UTC
299 "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
300 "aarp", // aarp AARP
301 "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
302 "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
303 "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
304 "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
305 "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
306 "able", // able Able Inc.
307 "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
308 "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
309 "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
310 "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
311 "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
312 "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
313 "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
314 "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
315 "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
316 "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
317 "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
318 "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
319 "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
320 "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
321 "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
322 "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
323 "afl", // afl Australian Football League
324 "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
325 "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
326 "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
327 "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
328 "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd.
329 "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
330 "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
331 "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
332 "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
333 "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
334 "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
335 "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
336 "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
337 "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
338 "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
339 "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
340 "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
341 "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
342 "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
343 "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
344 "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
345 "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
346 "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
347 "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
348 "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
349 "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
350 "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
351 "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
352 "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
353 "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
354 "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
355 "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
356 "arab", // arab League of Arab States
357 "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
358 "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
359 "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
360 "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
361 "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
362 "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
363 "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
364 "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
365 "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
366 "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
367 "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
368 "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
369 "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
370 "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
371 "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
372 "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
373 "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
374 "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
375 "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
376 "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
377 "axa", // axa AXA SA
378 "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
379 "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
380 "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
381 "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
382 "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
383 "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
384 "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
385 "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
386 "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
387 "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
388 "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
389 "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
390 "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
391 "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
392 "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
393 "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
394 "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
395 "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
396 "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
397 "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
398 "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
399 "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
400 "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
401 "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
402 "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
403 "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
404 "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
405 "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
406 "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
407 "bet", // bet Afilias plc
408 "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
409 "bible", // bible American Bible Society
410 "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
411 "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
412 "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
413 "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
414 "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
415 "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
416 "black", // black Afilias Limited
417 "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
418 "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
419 "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
420 "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
421 "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
422 "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
423 "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
424 "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
425 "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
426 "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
427 "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
428 "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
429 "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
430 "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
431 "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
432 "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
433 "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
434 "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
435 "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
436 "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
437 "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
438 "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
439 "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
440 "box", // box NS1 Limited
441 "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
442 "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
443 "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
444 "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
445 "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
446 "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
447 "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
448 "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
449 "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
450 "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
451 "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
452 "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
453 "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
454 "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
455 "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
456 "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
457 "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
458 "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
459 "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
460 "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
461 "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
462 "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
463 "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
464 "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
465 "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
466 "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
467 "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
468 "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
469 "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
470 "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
471 "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
472 "career", // career dotCareer LLC
473 "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
474 "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
475 "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
476 "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
477 "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
478 "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
479 "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
480 "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
481 "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
482 "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
483 "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
484 "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
485 "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
486 "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
487 "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
488 "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
489 "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
490 "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
491 "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
492 "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
493 "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
494 "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
495 "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
496 "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
497 "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
498 "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
499 "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
500 "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
501 "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
502 "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
503 "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
504 "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
505 "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
506 "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
507 "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
508 "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
509 "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
510 "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
511 "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
512 "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
513 "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
514 "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
515 "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
516 "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
517 "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
518 "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
519 "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
520 "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
521 "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
522 "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
523 "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
524 "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
525 "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
526 "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
527 "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
528 "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
529 "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
530 "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
531 "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
532 "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
533 "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
534 "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
535 "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
536 "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
537 "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
538 "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
539 "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
540 "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
541 "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
542 "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
543 "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
544 "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
545 "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
546 "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
547 "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
548 "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
549 "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
550 "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
551 "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
552 "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
553 "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
554 "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
555 "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
556 "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
557 "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
558 "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
559 "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
560 "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
561 "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
562 "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
563 "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
564 "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
565 "date", // date dot Date Limited
566 "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
567 "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
568 "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
569 "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
570 "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
571 "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
572 "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
573 "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
574 "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
575 "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
576 "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
577 "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
578 "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
579 "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
580 "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
581 "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
582 "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
583 "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
584 "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
585 "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
586 "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
587 "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
588 "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
589 "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
590 "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
591 "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
592 "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
593 "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
594 "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
595 "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
596 "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
597 "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
598 "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
599 "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
600 "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
601 "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
602 "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
603 "download", // download dot Support Limited
604 "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
605 "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
606 "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
607 "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
608 "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
609 "duns", // duns The Dun &amp; Bradstreet Corporation
610 "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
611 "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
612 "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
613 "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
614 "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
615 "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
616 "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
617 "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
618 "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
619 "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
620 "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
621 "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
622 "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
623 "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
624 "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
625 "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
626 "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
627 "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
628 "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
629 "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
630 "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
631 "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
632 "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
633 "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company
634 "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
635 "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
636 "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
637 "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
638 "everbank", // everbank EverBank
639 "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
640 "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
641 "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
642 "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
643 "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
644 "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
645 "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
646 "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
647 "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
648 "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
649 "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
650 "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
651 "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
652 "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
653 "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
654 "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
655 "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
656 "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
657 "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
658 "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
659 "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
660 "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
661 "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
662 "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
663 "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
664 "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
665 "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
666 "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
667 "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
668 "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
669 "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
670 "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
671 "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
672 "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
673 "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
674 "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
675 "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
676 "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
677 "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
678 "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
679 "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
680 "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
681 "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
682 "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
683 "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
684 "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
685 "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
686 "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
687 "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
688 "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
689 "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
690 "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
691 "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
692 "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
693 "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
694 "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
695 "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
696 "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
697 "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
698 "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
699 "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
700 "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
701 "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
702 "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
703 "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
704 "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
705 "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
706 "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
707 "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
708 "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
709 "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
710 "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
711 "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
712 "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
713 "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
714 "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
715 "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
716 "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
717 "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
718 "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
719 "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
720 "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
721 "giving", // giving Giving Limited
722 "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
723 "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
724 "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
725 "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
726 "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
727 "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
728 "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
729 "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
730 "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
731 "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
732 "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
733 "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
734 "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
735 "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
736 "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
737 "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
738 "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
739 "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
740 "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
741 "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
742 "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
743 "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
744 "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
745 "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
746 "green", // green Afilias Limited
747 "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
748 "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
749 "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
750 "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
751 "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
752 "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
753 "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
754 "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
755 "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
756 "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
757 "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
758 "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
759 "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
760 "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
761 "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
762 "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
763 "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
764 "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
765 "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
766 "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
767 "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
768 "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
769 "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
770 "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
771 "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
772 "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
773 "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
774 "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
775 "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
776 "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
777 "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
778 "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
779 "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
780 "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
781 "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
782 "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
783 "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
784 "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
785 "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
786 "host", // host DotHost Inc.
787 "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
788 "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
789 "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
790 "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
791 "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
792 "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
793 "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
794 "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
795 "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
796 "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
797 "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
798 "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
799 "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
800 "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
801 "icu", // icu One.com A/S
802 "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
803 "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
804 "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
805 "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
806 "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
807 "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
808 "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
809 "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
810 "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
811 "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
812 "info", // info Afilias Limited
813 "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
814 "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
815 "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
816 "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
817 "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
818 "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
819 "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
820 "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
821 "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
822 "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
823 "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
824 "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
825 "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
826 "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
827 "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
828 "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
829 "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
830 "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
831 "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
832 "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
833 "java", // java Oracle Corporation
834 "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
835 "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
836 "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
837 "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
838 "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
839 "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
840 "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
841 "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
842 "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
843 "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
844 "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
845 "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
846 "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
847 "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
848 "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
849 "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
850 "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
851 "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
852 "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
853 "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
854 "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
855 "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
856 "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
857 "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
858 "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
859 "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
860 "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
861 "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
862 "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
863 "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
864 "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
865 "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
866 "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
867 "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
868 "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
869 "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
870 "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
871 "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
872 "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
873 "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
874 "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
875 "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
876 "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
877 "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
878 "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
879 "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
880 "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
881 "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
882 "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
883 "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
884 "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
885 "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
886 "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
887 "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
888 "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
889 "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
890 "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
891 "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
892 "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
893 "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
894 "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
895 "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
896 "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
897 "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
898 "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
899 "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
900 "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
901 "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
902 "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
903 "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
904 "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
905 "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
906 "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
907 "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
908 "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
909 "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
910 "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
911 "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
912 "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
913 "llc", // llc Afilias plc
914 "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
915 "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
916 "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
917 "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
918 "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
919 "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
920 "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
921 "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
922 "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
923 "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
924 "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
925 "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
926 "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
927 "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
928 "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
929 "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
930 "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
931 "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
932 "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
933 "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
934 "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
935 "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
936 "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
937 "man", // man MAN SE
938 "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
939 "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
940 "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
941 "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
942 "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
943 "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
944 "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
945 "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
946 "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
947 "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
948 "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
949 "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
950 "med", // med Medistry LLC
951 "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
952 "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
953 "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria
954 "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
955 "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
956 "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
957 "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
958 "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
959 "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
960 "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
961 "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
962 "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
963 "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
964 "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
965 "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
966 "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
967 "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
968 "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
969 "mma", // mma MMA IARD
970 "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
971 "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
972 "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
973 "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
974 "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
975 "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
976 "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
977 "monash", // monash Monash University
978 "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
979 "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
980 "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
981 "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
982 "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
983 "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
984 "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
985 "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
986 "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
987 "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
988 "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
989 "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
990 "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
991 "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
992 "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
993 "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
994 "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
995 "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
996 "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
997 "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
998 "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
999 "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
1000 "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1001 "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
1002 "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
1003 "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
1004 "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
1005 "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
1006 "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
1007 "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
1008 "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1009 "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
1010 "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1011 "next", // next Next plc
1012 "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
1013 "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1014 "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
1015 "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
1016 "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
1017 "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
1018 "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
1019 "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
1020 "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1021 "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
1022 "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
1023 "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
1024 "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
1025 "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
1026 "now", // now Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1027 "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1028 "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
1029 "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
1030 "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
1031 "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
1032 "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
1033 "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
1034 "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1035 "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1036 "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
1037 "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
1038 "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
1039 "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
1040 "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
1041 "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
1042 "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
1043 "one", // one One.com A/S
1044 "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
1045 "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1046 "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
1047 "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
1048 "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
1049 "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
1050 "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
1051 "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
1052 "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
1053 "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
1054 "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
1055 "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
1056 "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
1057 "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
1058 "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
1059 "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1060 "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
1061 "paris", // paris City of Paris
1062 "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1063 "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
1064 "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
1065 "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
1066 "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
1067 "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1068 "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
1069 "pet", // pet Afilias plc
1070 "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
1071 "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
1072 "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1073 "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1074 "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
1075 "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
1076 "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
1077 "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
1078 "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
1079 "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
1080 "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
1081 "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
1082 "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
1083 "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
1084 "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1085 "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
1086 "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
1087 "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
1088 "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
1089 "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
1090 "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1091 "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1092 "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1093 "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1094 "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1095 "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1096 "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1097 "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1098 "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1099 "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1100 "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1101 "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1102 "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1103 "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1104 "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1105 "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1106 "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1107 "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1108 "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1109 "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1110 "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1111 "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1112 "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1113 "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1114 "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1115 "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1116 "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1117 "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1118 "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1119 "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1120 "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1121 "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1122 "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1123 "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1124 "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1125 "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1126 "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1127 "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1128 "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1129 "red", // red Afilias Limited
1130 "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1131 "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1132 "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1133 "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1134 "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1135 "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1136 "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1137 "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1138 "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1139 "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1140 "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1141 "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1142 "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1143 "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1144 "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1145 "review", // review dot Review Limited
1146 "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1147 "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1148 "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1149 "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1150 "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1151 "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1152 "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1153 "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1154 "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1155 "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1156 "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1157 "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1158 "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1159 "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1160 "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1161 "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1162 "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1163 "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1164 "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1165 "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1166 "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1167 "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1168 "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1169 "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1170 "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1171 "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1172 "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1173 "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1174 "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1175 "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1176 "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1177 "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1178 "sap", // sap SAP AG
1179 "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1180 "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1181 "save", // save Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1182 "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1183 "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1184 "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1185 "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1186 "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
1187 "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
1188 "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1189 "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1190 "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1191 "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1192 "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1193 "science", // science dot Science Limited
1194 "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1195 "scor", // scor SCOR SE
1196 "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1197 "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1198 "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1199 "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1200 "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1201 "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1202 "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1203 "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1204 "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1205 "ses", // ses SES
1206 "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1207 "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
1208 "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1209 "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1210 "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1211 "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1212 "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1213 "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1214 "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1215 "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1216 "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1217 "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1218 "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1219 "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1220 "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1221 "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1222 "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1223 "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1224 "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1225 "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1226 "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1227 "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1228 "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1229 "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
1230 "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1231 "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1232 "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1233 "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1234 "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1235 "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1236 "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1237 "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1238 "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1239 "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1240 "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1241 "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1242 "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1243 "song", // song Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1244 "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1245 "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1246 "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1247 "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1248 "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1249 "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1250 "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1251 "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1252 "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1253 "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1254 "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1255 "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1256 "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1257 "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1258 "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1259 "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1260 "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1261 "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1262 "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1263 "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1264 "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1265 "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1266 "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1267 "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1268 "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1269 "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1270 "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1271 "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1272 "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1273 "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1274 "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1275 "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1276 "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1277 "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1278 "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1279 "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1280 "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation
1281 "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1282 "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1283 "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1284 "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1285 "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1286 "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1287 "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1288 "tatar", // tatar Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1289 "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1290 "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1291 "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1292 "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1293 "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1294 "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1295 "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1296 "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1297 "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1298 "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1299 "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1300 "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1301 "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1302 "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1303 "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1304 "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1305 "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1306 "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1307 "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1308 "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1309 "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1310 "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1311 "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1312 "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1313 "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1314 "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1315 "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1316 "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1317 "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1318 "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1319 "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
1320 "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1321 "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1322 "total", // total Total SA
1323 "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1324 "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1325 "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1326 "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1327 "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1328 "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1329 "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1330 "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1331 "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1332 "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1333 "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1334 "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1335 "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1336 "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1337 "tui", // tui TUI AG
1338 "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1339 "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1340 "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1341 "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1342 "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1343 "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1344 "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1345 "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1346 "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1347 "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1348 "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1349 "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1350 "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1351 "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1352 "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1353 "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1354 "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1355 "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1356 "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1357 "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1358 "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1359 "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1360 "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1361 "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1362 "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1363 "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1364 "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1365 "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1366 "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1367 "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1368 "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1369 "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1370 "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1371 "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1372 "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1373 "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1374 "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1375 "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1376 "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1377 "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1378 "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1379 "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1380 "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1381 "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1382 "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1383 "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1384 "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1385 "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1386 "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1387 "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1388 "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1389 "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1390 "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1391 "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1392 "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1393 "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1394 "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1395 "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1396 "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
1397 "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1398 "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1399 "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1400 "win", // win First Registry Limited
1401 "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1402 "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1403 "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1404 "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1405 "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1406 "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1407 "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1408 "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1409 "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1410 "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1411 "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1412 "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1413 "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1414 "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1415 "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1416 "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1417 "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1418 "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1419 "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1420 "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1421 "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1422 "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1423 "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1424 "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1425 "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1426 "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1427 "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1428 "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1429 "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1430 "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1431 "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1432 "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1433 "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1434 "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1435 "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1436 "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1437 "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1438 "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1439 "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1440 "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1441 "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1442 "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1443 "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1444 "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1445 "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1446 "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1447 "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1448 "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1449 "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1450 "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1451 "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1452 "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1453 "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1454 "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1455 "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1456 "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1457 "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1458 "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1459 "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1460 "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1461 "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1462 "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1463 "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1464 "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1465 "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1466 "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1467 "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1468 "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1469 "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1470 "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1471 "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1472 "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1473 "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1474 "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1475 "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1476 "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1477 "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1478 "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1479 "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1480 "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1481 "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc.
1482 "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1483 "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1484 "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1485 "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1486 "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1487 "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1488 "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1489 "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1490 "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1491 "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1492 "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1493 "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1494 "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1495 "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1496 "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1497 "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1498 "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1499 "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1500 "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1501 "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1502 "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1503 "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1504 "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc.
1505 "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1506 "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1507 "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1508 "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1509 "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1510 "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1511 "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1512 "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1513 "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1514 "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1515 "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1516 "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1517 "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1518 "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1519 "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1520 "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1521 "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1522 "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1523 "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1524 "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1525 "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1526 "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1527 "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1528 "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1529 "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1530 "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1531 "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1532 "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1533 "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1534 "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1535 "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1536 "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Service, Inc.
1537 "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1538 "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1539 "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1540 "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1541 "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1542 "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1543 };
1544
1545 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1546 private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = new String[] {
1547 "ac", // Ascension Island
1548 "ad", // Andorra
1549 "ae", // United Arab Emirates
1550 "af", // Afghanistan
1551 "ag", // Antigua and Barbuda
1552 "ai", // Anguilla
1553 "al", // Albania
1554 "am", // Armenia
1555 //"an", // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1556 "ao", // Angola
1557 "aq", // Antarctica
1558 "ar", // Argentina
1559 "as", // American Samoa
1560 "at", // Austria
1561 "au", // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1562 "aw", // Aruba
1563 "ax", // Åland
1564 "az", // Azerbaijan
1565 "ba", // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1566 "bb", // Barbados
1567 "bd", // Bangladesh
1568 "be", // Belgium
1569 "bf", // Burkina Faso
1570 "bg", // Bulgaria
1571 "bh", // Bahrain
1572 "bi", // Burundi
1573 "bj", // Benin
1574 "bm", // Bermuda
1575 "bn", // Brunei Darussalam
1576 "bo", // Bolivia
1577 "br", // Brazil
1578 "bs", // Bahamas
1579 "bt", // Bhutan
1580 "bv", // Bouvet Island
1581 "bw", // Botswana
1582 "by", // Belarus
1583 "bz", // Belize
1584 "ca", // Canada
1585 "cc", // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1586 "cd", // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1587 "cf", // Central African Republic
1588 "cg", // Republic of the Congo
1589 "ch", // Switzerland
1590 "ci", // Côte d'Ivoire
1591 "ck", // Cook Islands
1592 "cl", // Chile
1593 "cm", // Cameroon
1594 "cn", // China, mainland
1595 "co", // Colombia
1596 "cr", // Costa Rica
1597 "cu", // Cuba
1598 "cv", // Cape Verde
1599 "cw", // Curaçao
1600 "cx", // Christmas Island
1601 "cy", // Cyprus
1602 "cz", // Czech Republic
1603 "de", // Germany
1604 "dj", // Djibouti
1605 "dk", // Denmark
1606 "dm", // Dominica
1607 "do", // Dominican Republic
1608 "dz", // Algeria
1609 "ec", // Ecuador
1610 "ee", // Estonia
1611 "eg", // Egypt
1612 "er", // Eritrea
1613 "es", // Spain
1614 "et", // Ethiopia
1615 "eu", // European Union
1616 "fi", // Finland
1617 "fj", // Fiji
1618 "fk", // Falkland Islands
1619 "fm", // Federated States of Micronesia
1620 "fo", // Faroe Islands
1621 "fr", // France
1622 "ga", // Gabon
1623 "gb", // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1624 "gd", // Grenada
1625 "ge", // Georgia
1626 "gf", // French Guiana
1627 "gg", // Guernsey
1628 "gh", // Ghana
1629 "gi", // Gibraltar
1630 "gl", // Greenland
1631 "gm", // The Gambia
1632 "gn", // Guinea
1633 "gp", // Guadeloupe
1634 "gq", // Equatorial Guinea
1635 "gr", // Greece
1636 "gs", // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1637 "gt", // Guatemala
1638 "gu", // Guam
1639 "gw", // Guinea-Bissau
1640 "gy", // Guyana
1641 "hk", // Hong Kong
1642 "hm", // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1643 "hn", // Honduras
1644 "hr", // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1645 "ht", // Haiti
1646 "hu", // Hungary
1647 "id", // Indonesia
1648 "ie", // Ireland (Éire)
1649 "il", // Israel
1650 "im", // Isle of Man
1651 "in", // India
1652 "io", // British Indian Ocean Territory
1653 "iq", // Iraq
1654 "ir", // Iran
1655 "is", // Iceland
1656 "it", // Italy
1657 "je", // Jersey
1658 "jm", // Jamaica
1659 "jo", // Jordan
1660 "jp", // Japan
1661 "ke", // Kenya
1662 "kg", // Kyrgyzstan
1663 "kh", // Cambodia (Khmer)
1664 "ki", // Kiribati
1665 "km", // Comoros
1666 "kn", // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1667 "kp", // North Korea
1668 "kr", // South Korea
1669 "kw", // Kuwait
1670 "ky", // Cayman Islands
1671 "kz", // Kazakhstan
1672 "la", // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1673 "lb", // Lebanon
1674 "lc", // Saint Lucia
1675 "li", // Liechtenstein
1676 "lk", // Sri Lanka
1677 "lr", // Liberia
1678 "ls", // Lesotho
1679 "lt", // Lithuania
1680 "lu", // Luxembourg
1681 "lv", // Latvia
1682 "ly", // Libya
1683 "ma", // Morocco
1684 "mc", // Monaco
1685 "md", // Moldova
1686 "me", // Montenegro
1687 "mg", // Madagascar
1688 "mh", // Marshall Islands
1689 "mk", // Republic of Macedonia
1690 "ml", // Mali
1691 "mm", // Myanmar
1692 "mn", // Mongolia
1693 "mo", // Macau
1694 "mp", // Northern Mariana Islands
1695 "mq", // Martinique
1696 "mr", // Mauritania
1697 "ms", // Montserrat
1698 "mt", // Malta
1699 "mu", // Mauritius
1700 "mv", // Maldives
1701 "mw", // Malawi
1702 "mx", // Mexico
1703 "my", // Malaysia
1704 "mz", // Mozambique
1705 "na", // Namibia
1706 "nc", // New Caledonia
1707 "ne", // Niger
1708 "nf", // Norfolk Island
1709 "ng", // Nigeria
1710 "ni", // Nicaragua
1711 "nl", // Netherlands
1712 "no", // Norway
1713 "np", // Nepal
1714 "nr", // Nauru
1715 "nu", // Niue
1716 "nz", // New Zealand
1717 "om", // Oman
1718 "pa", // Panama
1719 "pe", // Peru
1720 "pf", // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1721 "pg", // Papua New Guinea
1722 "ph", // Philippines
1723 "pk", // Pakistan
1724 "pl", // Poland
1725 "pm", // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1726 "pn", // Pitcairn Islands
1727 "pr", // Puerto Rico
1728 "ps", // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1729 "pt", // Portugal
1730 "pw", // Palau
1731 "py", // Paraguay
1732 "qa", // Qatar
1733 "re", // Réunion
1734 "ro", // Romania
1735 "rs", // Serbia
1736 "ru", // Russia
1737 "rw", // Rwanda
1738 "sa", // Saudi Arabia
1739 "sb", // Solomon Islands
1740 "sc", // Seychelles
1741 "sd", // Sudan
1742 "se", // Sweden
1743 "sg", // Singapore
1744 "sh", // Saint Helena
1745 "si", // Slovenia
1746 "sj", // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1747 "sk", // Slovakia
1748 "sl", // Sierra Leone
1749 "sm", // San Marino
1750 "sn", // Senegal
1751 "so", // Somalia
1752 "sr", // Suriname
1753 "st", // São Tomé and Príncipe
1754 "su", // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1755 "sv", // El Salvador
1756 "sx", // Sint Maarten
1757 "sy", // Syria
1758 "sz", // Swaziland
1759 "tc", // Turks and Caicos Islands
1760 "td", // Chad
1761 "tf", // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1762 "tg", // Togo
1763 "th", // Thailand
1764 "tj", // Tajikistan
1765 "tk", // Tokelau
1766 "tl", // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1767 "tm", // Turkmenistan
1768 "tn", // Tunisia
1769 "to", // Tonga
1770 //"tp", // East Timor (Retired)
1771 "tr", // Turkey
1772 "tt", // Trinidad and Tobago
1773 "tv", // Tuvalu
1774 "tw", // Taiwan, Republic of China
1775 "tz", // Tanzania
1776 "ua", // Ukraine
1777 "ug", // Uganda
1778 "uk", // United Kingdom
1779 "us", // United States of America
1780 "uy", // Uruguay
1781 "uz", // Uzbekistan
1782 "va", // Vatican City State
1783 "vc", // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1784 "ve", // Venezuela
1785 "vg", // British Virgin Islands
1786 "vi", // U.S. Virgin Islands
1787 "vn", // Vietnam
1788 "vu", // Vanuatu
1789 "wf", // Wallis and Futuna
1790 "ws", // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1791 "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
1792 "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1793 "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1794 "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1795 "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1796 "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1797 "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1798 "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1799 "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1800 "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1801 "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1802 "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1803 "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1804 "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1805 "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1806 "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1807 "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1808 "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1809 "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1810 "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1811 "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1812 "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1813 "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1814 "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1815 "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1816 "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1817 "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1818 "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1819 "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1820 "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1821 "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1822 "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1823 "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1824 "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1825 "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1826 "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
1827 "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1828 "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1829 "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1830 "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1831 "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1832 "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1833 "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1834 "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1835 "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
1836 "ye", // Yemen
1837 "yt", // Mayotte
1838 "za", // South Africa
1839 "zm", // Zambia
1840 "zw", // Zimbabwe
1841 };
1842
1843 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1844 private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = new String[] {
1845 "localdomain", // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1846 "localhost", // RFC2606 defined
1847 };
1848
1849 // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
1850 // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
1851
1852 /*
1853 * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1854 * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1855 * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1856 * synchronized methods.
1857 */
1858 private static boolean inUse;
1859
1860 /*
1861 * These arrays are mutable, but they don't need to be volatile.
1862 * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and any readers must get an instance
1863 * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronised.
1864 */
1865 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1866 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1867
1868 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1869 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1870
1871 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1872 private static volatile String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1873
1874 // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1875 private static volatile String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1876
1877 /**
1878 * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
1879 * to determine which override array to update / fetch
1880 * @since 1.5.0
1881 * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
1882 */
1883 public enum ArrayType {
1884 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
1885 GENERIC_PLUS,
1886 /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
1887 GENERIC_MINUS,
1888 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
1889 COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
1890 /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
1891 COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
1892 /** Get a copy of the generic TLDS table */
1893 GENERIC_RO,
1894 /** Get a copy of the country code table */
1895 COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
1896 /** Get a copy of the infrastructure table */
1897 INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
1898 /** Get a copy of the local table */
1899 LOCAL_RO
1900 }
1901
1902 // For use by unit test code only
1903 static synchronized void clearTLDOverrides() {
1904 inUse = false;
1905 countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1906 countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1907 genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1908 genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1909 }
1910
1911 /**
1912 * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1913 * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1914 * <p>
1915 * For example:
1916 * <p>
1917 * <code>DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, new String[]{"apache"})}</code>
1918 * <p>
1919 * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1920 *
1921 * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1922 * Must be one of the following
1923 * <ul>
1924 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1925 * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1926 * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1927 * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1928 * </ul>
1929 * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1930 * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1931 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1932 * @since 1.5.0
1933 */
1934 public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(ArrayType table, String... tlds) {
1935 if (inUse) {
1936 throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1937 }
1938 String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1939 // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1940 for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1941 copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1942 }
1943 Arrays.sort(copy);
1944 switch(table) {
1945 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1946 countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1947 break;
1948 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1949 countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
1950 break;
1951 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1952 genericTLDsMinus = copy;
1953 break;
1954 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1955 genericTLDsPlus = copy;
1956 break;
1957 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1958 case GENERIC_RO:
1959 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1960 case LOCAL_RO:
1961 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
1962 default:
1963 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
1964 }
1965 }
1966
1967 /**
1968 * Get a copy of the internal array.
1969 * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1970 * @return a copy of the array
1971 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1972 * @since 1.5.1
1973 */
1974 public static String[] getTLDEntries(ArrayType table) {
1975 final String[] array;
1976 switch(table) {
1977 case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1978 array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1979 break;
1980 case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1981 array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1982 break;
1983 case GENERIC_MINUS:
1984 array = genericTLDsMinus;
1985 break;
1986 case GENERIC_PLUS:
1987 array = genericTLDsPlus;
1988 break;
1989 case GENERIC_RO:
1990 array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1991 break;
1992 case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1993 array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1994 break;
1995 case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1996 array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1997 break;
1998 case LOCAL_RO:
1999 array = LOCAL_TLDS;
2000 break;
2001 default:
2002 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected enum value: " + table);
2003 }
2004 return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2005 }
2006
2007 /**
2008 * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
2009 * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
2010 *
2011 * @param input the string to convert, not null
2012 * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
2013 */
2014 // Needed by UrlValidator
2015 static String unicodeToASCII(String input) {
2016 if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
2017 return input;
2018 }
2019 try {
2020 final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
2021 if (IdnBugHolder.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
2022 return ascii;
2023 }
2024 final int length = input.length();
2025 if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
2026 return input;
2027 }
2028 // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
2029 // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
2030 // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
2031 // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
2032 // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
2033 char lastChar = input.charAt(length-1); // fetch original last char
2034 switch(lastChar) {
2035 case '\u002E': // "." full stop
2036 case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
2037 case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
2038 case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
2039 return ascii + '.'; // restore the missing stop
2040 default:
2041 return ascii;
2042 }
2043 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
2044 Logging.trace(e);
2045 return input;
2046 }
2047 }
2048
2049 private static class IdnBugHolder {
2050 private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
2051 final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
2052 return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
2053 }
2054
2055 private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
2056 }
2057
2058 /*
2059 * Check if input contains only ASCII
2060 * Treats null as all ASCII
2061 */
2062 private static boolean isOnlyASCII(String input) {
2063 if (input == null) {
2064 return true;
2065 }
2066 for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
2067 if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
2068 return false;
2069 }
2070 }
2071 return true;
2072 }
2073
2074 /**
2075 * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
2076 *
2077 * @param sortedArray the array to search
2078 * @param key the key to find
2079 * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
2080 */
2081 private static boolean arrayContains(String[] sortedArray, String key) {
2082 return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
2083 }
2084}
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